thank you okay great so I’m going to talk about self-driving technology but
talk about self-driving technology but
talk about self-driving technology but before I do that I got to share some bad
before I do that I got to share some bad
before I do that I got to share some bad news with you today
35:35 that’s the number of people that
35:35 that’s the number of people that are going to die worldwide in automobile
are going to die worldwide in automobile
are going to die worldwide in automobile accidents just while I’m speaking 35
accidents just while I’m speaking 35
accidents just while I’m speaking 35 people during my talk 35 people died
people during my talk 35 people died
people during my talk 35 people died during the previous talk 35 more will
during the previous talk 35 more will
during the previous talk 35 more will probably die before you even get out of
probably die before you even get out of
probably die before you even get out of the building it’s not just a worldwide
the building it’s not just a worldwide
the building it’s not just a worldwide problem it’s a problem here in the u.s.
problem it’s a problem here in the u.s.
problem it’s a problem here in the u.s. so one person in the US on average will
so one person in the US on average will
so one person in the US on average will die during the period of the time that
die during the period of the time that
die during the period of the time that I’m giving this talk and it’s an
I’m giving this talk and it’s an
I’m giving this talk and it’s an interesting bizarre concept right
interesting bizarre concept right
interesting bizarre concept right because if you look at this if you do
because if you look at this if you do
because if you look at this if you do the math if these statistics hold up
the math if these statistics hold up
the math if these statistics hold up five people in this room are ultimately
five people in this room are ultimately
five people in this room are ultimately going to die in a car crash it seems
going to die in a car crash it seems
going to die in a car crash it seems crazy and it’s a unique part of our
crazy and it’s a unique part of our
crazy and it’s a unique part of our humanity because if you look at the
humanity because if you look at the
humanity because if you look at the causes of death the top 10 causes of
causes of death the top 10 causes of
causes of death the top 10 causes of death they’re all diseases that have
death they’re all diseases that have
death they’re all diseases that have been around forever and then there’s
been around forever and then there’s
been around forever and then there’s this strange category the fourth one on
this strange category the fourth one on
this strange category the fourth one on the list called accidents and there’s
the list called accidents and there’s
the list called accidents and there’s three of them one is accidental fall
three of them one is accidental fall
three of them one is accidental fall another accidental poisoning and the
another accidental poisoning and the
another accidental poisoning and the third one is automobile accident so
third one is automobile accident so
third one is automobile accident so here’s this strange thing of all the
here’s this strange thing of all the
here’s this strange thing of all the ways to die there’s only one that’s
ways to die there’s only one that’s
ways to die there’s only one that’s something we created for ourselves just
something we created for ourselves just
something we created for ourselves just in the last hundred years and yet we go
in the last hundred years and yet we go
in the last hundred years and yet we go out and do this every day for some
out and do this every day for some
out and do this every day for some reason automobiles are unique in that
reason automobiles are unique in that
reason automobiles are unique in that way now you might think ok well yeah ok
way now you might think ok well yeah ok
way now you might think ok well yeah ok things are but things are getting better
things are but things are getting better
things are but things are getting better and I think what’s interesting is the
and I think what’s interesting is the
and I think what’s interesting is the statistics are out 2015 was the
statistics are out 2015 was the
statistics are out 2015 was the deadliest year in quite a while there
deadliest year in quite a while there
deadliest year in quite a while there it’s actually getting worse and the
it’s actually getting worse and the
it’s actually getting worse and the preliminary numbers for 2016 say it’s
preliminary numbers for 2016 say it’s
preliminary numbers for 2016 say it’s another six percent worse over 2015 so
another six percent worse over 2015 so
another six percent worse over 2015 so this problem doesn’t seem to be going
this problem doesn’t seem to be going
this problem doesn’t seem to be going away and so in fact the National Highway
away and so in fact the National Highway
away and so in fact the National Highway and Transportation Safety
and Transportation Safety
and Transportation Safety administration did a study to figure out
administration did a study to figure out
administration did a study to figure out okay what’s going on what is the
okay what’s going on what is the
okay what’s going on what is the defective component in automobiles and
defective component in automobiles and
defective component in automobiles and they found the defective component it
they found the defective component it
they found the defective component it turns out it’s the driver ninety four
turns out it’s the driver ninety four
turns out it’s the driver ninety four percent of the time it’s the drivers
percent of the time it’s the drivers
percent of the time it’s the drivers fault that that accident happened they
fault that that accident happened they
fault that that accident happened they did some more studies and they said well
did some more studies and they said well
did some more studies and they said well okay what’s what’s the driver doing
okay what’s what’s the driver doing
okay what’s what’s the driver doing wrong well the biggest cause is what
wrong well the biggest cause is what
wrong well the biggest cause is what they politely call recognition error
they politely call recognition error
they politely call recognition error what that really means is you weren’t
what that really means is you weren’t
what that really means is you weren’t paying attention and you missed
paying attention and you missed
paying attention and you missed something that was very important the
something that was very important the
something that was very important the second biggest category is what they
second biggest category is what they
second biggest category is what they call decision error that’s a polite way
call decision error that’s a polite way
call decision error that’s a polite way to say you were driving too fast for the
to say you were driving too fast for the
to say you were driving too fast for the conditions or you did something illegal
conditions or you did something illegal
conditions or you did something illegal or you just failed to figure out where
or you just failed to figure out where
or you just failed to figure out where the other people in your environment
the other people in your environment
the other people in your environment we’re going to move and that’s how you
we’re going to move and that’s how you
we’re going to move and that’s how you had an accident so what are we going to
had an accident so what are we going to
had an accident so what are we going to do about this well I have an idea what
do about this well I have an idea what
do about this well I have an idea what I’m going to do is buy a whole bunch of
I’m going to do is buy a whole bunch of
I’m going to do is buy a whole bunch of that you know that yellow police tape
that you know that yellow police tape
that you know that yellow police tape you can buy in really big rolls we’re
you can buy in really big rolls we’re
you can buy in really big rolls we’re going to go to all the cars and just
going to go to all the cars and just
going to go to all the cars and just wrap it around the drivers seat in the
wrap it around the drivers seat in the
wrap it around the drivers seat in the steering wheel and this is going to save
steering wheel and this is going to save
steering wheel and this is going to save us a whole bunch of trouble because now
us a whole bunch of trouble because now
us a whole bunch of trouble because now there won’t be any more of these
there won’t be any more of these
there won’t be any more of these accidents of course that’s not the whole
accidents of course that’s not the whole
accidents of course that’s not the whole story right because for some reason we
story right because for some reason we
story right because for some reason we still like these cars and apparently
still like these cars and apparently
still like these cars and apparently it’s because we want to use them to get
it’s because we want to use them to get
it’s because we want to use them to get around so the only way we’re really
around so the only way we’re really
around so the only way we’re really going to make any progress is if we
going to make any progress is if we
going to make any progress is if we figure out how to have that car drive
figure out how to have that car drive
figure out how to have that car drive itself and that’s what we’re going to do
itself and that’s what we’re going to do
itself and that’s what we’re going to do now there’s some pretty cool things that
now there’s some pretty cool things that
now there’s some pretty cool things that happen so here’s a self-driving car
happen so here’s a self-driving car
happen so here’s a self-driving car there’s some pretty cool things that are
there’s some pretty cool things that are
there’s some pretty cool things that are changing when you own a car yourself
changing when you own a car yourself
changing when you own a car yourself that you’re going to drive it’s kind of
that you’re going to drive it’s kind of
that you’re going to drive it’s kind of look good you’ve got to be cool when
look good you’ve got to be cool when
look good you’ve got to be cool when you’re driving around in your car right
you’re driving around in your car right
you’re driving around in your car right if you’re not going to own a car and
if you’re not going to own a car and
if you’re not going to own a car and you’re not even going to drive it it’s
you’re not even going to drive it it’s
you’re not even going to drive it it’s just going to come by and pick you up
just going to come by and pick you up
just going to come by and pick you up your priorities change a little bit the
your priorities change a little bit the
your priorities change a little bit the moment the things that are most
moment the things that are most
moment the things that are most important are that this car be safe and
important are that this car be safe and
important are that this car be safe and efficient and so what that means is you
efficient and so what that means is you
efficient and so what that means is you get something that looks like this
get something that looks like this
get something that looks like this vehicle here this self-driving car the
vehicle here this self-driving car the
vehicle here this self-driving car the most visible difference is the sensors
most visible difference is the sensors
most visible difference is the sensors on the top so it’s got cameras with 360
on the top so it’s got cameras with 360
on the top so it’s got cameras with 360 degree view
degree view
degree view around the top of the car it’s also got
around the top of the car it’s also got
around the top of the car it’s also got a laser rangefinder called a lidar
a laser rangefinder called a lidar
a laser rangefinder called a lidar that’s on top of the car also 360 degree
that’s on top of the car also 360 degree
that’s on top of the car also 360 degree view and it’s got radars all the way
view and it’s got radars all the way
view and it’s got radars all the way around at 360 degree view and so this
around at 360 degree view and so this
around at 360 degree view and so this changes how driving happens when a
changes how driving happens when a
changes how driving happens when a human’s driving home from work and they
human’s driving home from work and they
human’s driving home from work and they get to a residential street what are
get to a residential street what are
get to a residential street what are they doing they’re worried about all the
they doing they’re worried about all the
they doing they’re worried about all the stress at work they’re worried about
stress at work they’re worried about
stress at work they’re worried about what errands they were supposed to do
what errands they were supposed to do
what errands they were supposed to do before they got home or even worse case
before they got home or even worse case
before they got home or even worse case they’re texting friends to go see where
they’re texting friends to go see where
they’re texting friends to go see where they’re going to meet up later and what
they’re going to meet up later and what
they’re going to meet up later and what happens they can hit a child or someone
happens they can hit a child or someone
happens they can hit a child or someone else appearing somewhere that they
else appearing somewhere that they
else appearing somewhere that they didn’t realize they were going to appear
didn’t realize they were going to appear
didn’t realize they were going to appear but how does this self-driving car work
but how does this self-driving car work
but how does this self-driving car work it’s got multiple kinds of sensors with
it’s got multiple kinds of sensors with
it’s got multiple kinds of sensors with 360 degree coverage it is watching every
360 degree coverage it is watching every
360 degree coverage it is watching every car every gap every street every time
car every gap every street every time
car every gap every street every time all day long it’s completely covered the
all day long it’s completely covered the
all day long it’s completely covered the recognition problem or the paying
recognition problem or the paying
recognition problem or the paying attention problem and that’s the one
attention problem and that’s the one
attention problem and that’s the one benefit of it now the second one comes
benefit of it now the second one comes
benefit of it now the second one comes in what’s hidden in the case of this car
in what’s hidden in the case of this car
in what’s hidden in the case of this car what’s hidden in the back is a lot of
what’s hidden in the back is a lot of
what’s hidden in the back is a lot of computation right and so that’s the
computation right and so that’s the
computation right and so that’s the other thing that’s made this possible is
other thing that’s made this possible is
other thing that’s made this possible is all the advances with all that sensor
all the advances with all that sensor
all the advances with all that sensor data all the computation available and
data all the computation available and
data all the computation available and most importantly the artificial
most importantly the artificial
most importantly the artificial intelligence and machine learning
intelligence and machine learning
intelligence and machine learning algorithm that make it possible for this
algorithm that make it possible for this
algorithm that make it possible for this car to make smart decisions and so what
car to make smart decisions and so what
car to make smart decisions and so what I want to do now is talk to you a little
I want to do now is talk to you a little
I want to do now is talk to you a little bit about the artificial intelligence
bit about the artificial intelligence
bit about the artificial intelligence behind it but first I want to describe
behind it but first I want to describe
behind it but first I want to describe the problem to you and so I’m going to
the problem to you and so I’m going to
the problem to you and so I’m going to show you this is a video that’s very
show you this is a video that’s very
show you this is a video that’s very normal we all experience this video all
normal we all experience this video all
normal we all experience this video all the time in fact I might even call it
the time in fact I might even call it
the time in fact I might even call it boring but many people in this audience
boring but many people in this audience
boring but many people in this audience know how to program a computer so now
know how to program a computer so now
know how to program a computer so now sit down envision you’re the one sitting
sit down envision you’re the one sitting
sit down envision you’re the one sitting at the keyboard you’ve got a program the
at the keyboard you’ve got a program the
at the keyboard you’ve got a program the system that’s going to have this car
system that’s going to have this car
system that’s going to have this car figure out what to do it’s terrifying
figure out what to do it’s terrifying
figure out what to do it’s terrifying there are cars moving in all directions
there are cars moving in all directions
there are cars moving in all directions all the time some of them signal some of
all the time some of them signal some of
all the time some of them signal some of them don’t there are pedestrians and
them don’t there are pedestrians and
them don’t there are pedestrians and bikes doing the same thing going in
bikes doing the same thing going in
bikes doing the same thing going in random different directions luckily
random different directions luckily
random different directions luckily there’s crosswalks for the pedestrians
there’s crosswalks for the pedestrians
there’s crosswalks for the pedestrians but don’t worry about that because half
but don’t worry about that because half
but don’t worry about that because half of them ignore it and just walk
of them ignore it and just walk
of them ignore it and just walk somewhere else any
somewhere else any
somewhere else any way there are stop signs which you
way there are stop signs which you
way there are stop signs which you should pay attention to there are other
should pay attention to there are other
should pay attention to there are other signs that say stop smoking don’t worry
signs that say stop smoking don’t worry
signs that say stop smoking don’t worry about those well actually you should
about those well actually you should
about those well actually you should worry about those the self-driving car
worry about those the self-driving car
worry about those the self-driving car she doesn’t need to worry about those
she doesn’t need to worry about those
she doesn’t need to worry about those there are flashing lights some of them
there are flashing lights some of them
there are flashing lights some of them matter some of them are just businesses
matter some of them are just businesses
matter some of them are just businesses trying to get your attention there’s all
trying to get your attention there’s all
trying to get your attention there’s all these cool patterns in the sky like
these cool patterns in the sky like
these cool patterns in the sky like those clouds moving around okay you
those clouds moving around okay you
those clouds moving around okay you shouldn’t get distracted by them well
shouldn’t get distracted by them well
shouldn’t get distracted by them well unless of course they turn really dark
unless of course they turn really dark
unless of course they turn really dark then maybe you should pay attention to
then maybe you should pay attention to
then maybe you should pay attention to them so this is a really hard
them so this is a really hard
them so this is a really hard a eye problem to solve and how I’m going
a eye problem to solve and how I’m going
a eye problem to solve and how I’m going to explain the how we go about solving
to explain the how we go about solving
to explain the how we go about solving this is I’m actually going to take a
this is I’m actually going to take a
this is I’m actually going to take a step backwards and just talk through
step backwards and just talk through
step backwards and just talk through some of the evolution of self-driving
some of the evolution of self-driving
some of the evolution of self-driving vehicles and sort of the intelligence
vehicles and sort of the intelligence
vehicles and sort of the intelligence they gained as we went of course we’re
they gained as we went of course we’re
they gained as we went of course we’re all lucky to be at CMU here which is one
all lucky to be at CMU here which is one
all lucky to be at CMU here which is one of the Centers of self-driving work and
of the Centers of self-driving work and
of the Centers of self-driving work and so we can look at this through a little
so we can look at this through a little
so we can look at this through a little bit of our history here and so to go all
bit of our history here and so to go all
bit of our history here and so to go all the way back to the 80s what we what we
the way back to the 80s what we what we
the way back to the 80s what we what we find there is that we have something
find there is that we have something
find there is that we have something called nav lab which is this giant van
called nav lab which is this giant van
called nav lab which is this giant van and of course it has to be a giant van
and of course it has to be a giant van
and of course it has to be a giant van because it needs that much space and
because it needs that much space and
because it needs that much space and that much power and that much cooling to
that much power and that much cooling to
that much power and that much cooling to just barely house enough computers to
just barely house enough computers to
just barely house enough computers to maybe do something smart and so this
maybe do something smart and so this
maybe do something smart and so this particular van did all right it could
particular van did all right it could
particular van did all right it could drive on that road you see it driving on
drive on that road you see it driving on
drive on that road you see it driving on but this was a certain era of robotics
but this was a certain era of robotics
but this was a certain era of robotics where I would tell everyone the mantra
where I would tell everyone the mantra
where I would tell everyone the mantra was keep the video running at all times
was keep the video running at all times
was keep the video running at all times just in case it works and something good
just in case it works and something good
just in case it works and something good happens right and so the nav lab program
happens right and so the nav lab program
happens right and so the nav lab program continued throughout the 80s and it
continued throughout the 80s and it
continued throughout the 80s and it reached a point where perhaps a
reached a point where perhaps a
reached a point where perhaps a milestone was in 95 was the No Hands
milestone was in 95 was the No Hands
milestone was in 95 was the No Hands Across America Drive so this was a drive
Across America Drive so this was a drive
Across America Drive so this was a drive from Pittsburgh to LA in an autonomous
from Pittsburgh to LA in an autonomous
from Pittsburgh to LA in an autonomous vehicle it’s kind of cool to think about
vehicle it’s kind of cool to think about
vehicle it’s kind of cool to think about man that was over 20 years ago that was
man that was over 20 years ago that was
man that was over 20 years ago that was done here and so that vehicle drove over
done here and so that vehicle drove over
done here and so that vehicle drove over 98% of the way autonomously and had a 70
98% of the way autonomously and had a 70
98% of the way autonomously and had a 70 mile stretch with no human intervention
mile stretch with no human intervention
mile stretch with no human intervention for those of you that are fans of deep
for those of you that are fans of deep
for those of you that are fans of deep learning or know what that was deep
learning or know what that was deep
learning or know what that was deep learning hat goes in waves it becomes
learning hat goes in waves it becomes
learning hat goes in waves it becomes trendy and not trendy the previous wave
trendy and not trendy the previous wave
trendy and not trendy the previous wave was when this hit and it was called
was when this hit and it was called
was when this hit and it was called multi-layer perceptrons then
multi-layer perceptrons then
multi-layer perceptrons then rather than deep learning but it’s
rather than deep learning but it’s
rather than deep learning but it’s interesting to think about the AI for
interesting to think about the AI for
interesting to think about the AI for this vehicle what was this what was this
this vehicle what was this what was this
this vehicle what was this what was this AI agents world like its it didn’t know
AI agents world like its it didn’t know
AI agents world like its it didn’t know where it was didn’t know where it was
where it was didn’t know where it was
where it was didn’t know where it was going all at new was there but these two
going all at new was there but these two
going all at new was there but these two lines on its image in front of it and
lines on its image in front of it and
lines on its image in front of it and what I should do is try to keep those
what I should do is try to keep those
what I should do is try to keep those lines in the middle of the image and
lines in the middle of the image and
lines in the middle of the image and from an AI perspective that’s the only
from an AI perspective that’s the only
from an AI perspective that’s the only thing it knew and still it was able to
thing it knew and still it was able to
thing it knew and still it was able to drive across the country now if we
drive across the country now if we
drive across the country now if we scroll ahead here the next thing is
scroll ahead here the next thing is
scroll ahead here the next thing is there was work in off-road research and
there was work in off-road research and
there was work in off-road research and the cool advance here is a this vehicle
the cool advance here is a this vehicle
the cool advance here is a this vehicle knows where it is and where it’s going
knows where it is and where it’s going
knows where it is and where it’s going at least in a GPS sense so it’s got some
at least in a GPS sense so it’s got some
at least in a GPS sense so it’s got some idea of that and it’s also added the
idea of that and it’s also added the
idea of that and it’s also added the lidar so it can sense the world around
lidar so it can sense the world around
lidar so it can sense the world around it it actually has an a sense of objects
it it actually has an a sense of objects
it it actually has an a sense of objects although they’re all treated as static
although they’re all treated as static
although they’re all treated as static so they’re all just obstacles but it
so they’re all just obstacles but it
so they’re all just obstacles but it knows how to plan a path and this
knows how to plan a path and this
knows how to plan a path and this already is able to get it enough
already is able to get it enough
already is able to get it enough capability to drive in some pretty
capability to drive in some pretty
capability to drive in some pretty complex environments so in many ways a
complex environments so in many ways a
complex environments so in many ways a nice milestone was that was in 2007 the
nice milestone was that was in 2007 the
nice milestone was that was in 2007 the DARPA urban challenge right so this was
DARPA urban challenge right so this was
DARPA urban challenge right so this was the contest DARPA at DARPA put out four
the contest DARPA at DARPA put out four
the contest DARPA at DARPA put out four self-driving cars to drive in a mock-up
self-driving cars to drive in a mock-up
self-driving cars to drive in a mock-up city and they added a couple important
city and they added a couple important
city and they added a couple important things they added a good map here a map
things they added a good map here a map
things they added a good map here a map means a 3d reconstruction of everything
means a 3d reconstruction of everything
means a 3d reconstruction of everything in the world that it expects to drive in
in the world that it expects to drive in
in the world that it expects to drive in so it knows exactly where it is and it
so it knows exactly where it is and it
so it knows exactly where it is and it knows exactly what it needs to do in
knows exactly what it needs to do in
knows exactly what it needs to do in this world given everything around it
this world given everything around it
this world given everything around it the other thing it does is it now has
the other thing it does is it now has
the other thing it does is it now has enough intelligence to reason about the
enough intelligence to reason about the
enough intelligence to reason about the other objects it can say which ones are
other objects it can say which ones are
other objects it can say which ones are the vehicles and it can try to predict
the vehicles and it can try to predict
the vehicles and it can try to predict which way they’re going to go so that it
which way they’re going to go so that it
which way they’re going to go so that it can make smarter decisions and of course
can make smarter decisions and of course
can make smarter decisions and of course we’re at CMU so we can say and CMU won
we’re at CMU so we can say and CMU won
we’re at CMU so we can say and CMU won the contest which is also great another
the contest which is also great another
the contest which is also great another cool thing that happened at this time
cool thing that happened at this time
cool thing that happened at this time was that Google decided hey this text
was that Google decided hey this text
was that Google decided hey this text getting there and this is when the
getting there and this is when the
getting there and this is when the Google car project started using exactly
Google car project started using exactly
Google car project started using exactly this strategy for for making
this strategy for for making
this strategy for for making self-driving cars of course CMU also saw
self-driving cars of course CMU also saw
self-driving cars of course CMU also saw opportunity in this and they started
opportunity in this and they started
opportunity in this and they started working with companies about making
working with companies about making
working with companies about making mining trucks and this is cool because
mining trucks and this is cool because
mining trucks and this is cool because these were among the first commercially
these were among the first commercially
these were among the first commercially available autonomous vehicle systems and
available autonomous vehicle systems and
available autonomous vehicle systems and the motivation was primary
the motivation was primary
the motivation was primary early safety and preventing mistakes of
early safety and preventing mistakes of
early safety and preventing mistakes of the operators the trucks are very
the operators the trucks are very
the operators the trucks are very valuable so you can certainly pave
valuable so you can certainly pave
valuable so you can certainly pave someone to drive that truck but what you
someone to drive that truck but what you
someone to drive that truck but what you can’t afford is all the mistakes they’ll
can’t afford is all the mistakes they’ll
can’t afford is all the mistakes they’ll make when they drive it and so this was
make when they drive it and so this was
make when they drive it and so this was pretty cool so after this period of time
pretty cool so after this period of time
pretty cool so after this period of time this was really something viable so not
this was really something viable so not
this was really something viable so not long after this uber started its work in
long after this uber started its work in
long after this uber started its work in self-driving vehicles as well as many of
self-driving vehicles as well as many of
self-driving vehicles as well as many of the automakers as well as many of the
the automakers as well as many of the
the automakers as well as many of the other tech companies and so now we can
other tech companies and so now we can
other tech companies and so now we can ask ourselves all right their safety but
ask ourselves all right their safety but
ask ourselves all right their safety but what what else what else is self-driving
what what else what else is self-driving
what what else what else is self-driving technology going to change and I think
technology going to change and I think
technology going to change and I think there’s a there’s a lot of things one of
there’s a there’s a lot of things one of
there’s a there’s a lot of things one of them is our time so here’s a study that
them is our time so here’s a study that
them is our time so here’s a study that was done again by the US government and
was done again by the US government and
was done again by the US government and it found that the average American was
it found that the average American was
it found that the average American was losing 42 hours a day in traffic jams
losing 42 hours a day in traffic jams
losing 42 hours a day in traffic jams this of course has a corresponding large
this of course has a corresponding large
this of course has a corresponding large amount of expense financially and in
amount of expense financially and in
amount of expense financially and in frustration and so the point of this
frustration and so the point of this
frustration and so the point of this study was to say okay what what can we
study was to say okay what what can we
study was to say okay what what can we do about congestion but from the point
do about congestion but from the point
do about congestion but from the point of view of someone who’s thinking about
of view of someone who’s thinking about
of view of someone who’s thinking about having a self-driving car that they’re
having a self-driving car that they’re
having a self-driving car that they’re not going to have to own and they’re not
not going to have to own and they’re not
not going to have to own and they’re not going to have to drive the loss is much
going to have to drive the loss is much
going to have to drive the loss is much bigger we spend 293 hours a year in a
bigger we spend 293 hours a year in a
bigger we spend 293 hours a year in a car and all of it is wasted time that’s
car and all of it is wasted time that’s
car and all of it is wasted time that’s 7 that’s over 7 weeks of working time
7 that’s over 7 weeks of working time
7 that’s over 7 weeks of working time that we could have back so we could ask
that we could have back so we could ask
that we could have back so we could ask ourselves what would we do with all that
ourselves what would we do with all that
ourselves what would we do with all that time if we had it back if we listened to
time if we had it back if we listened to
time if we had it back if we listened to the earlier talk we might procrastinate
the earlier talk we might procrastinate
the earlier talk we might procrastinate it all away but I’m a little more
it all away but I’m a little more
it all away but I’m a little more optimistic than that I think we’re going
optimistic than that I think we’re going
optimistic than that I think we’re going to find good things to do with all that
to find good things to do with all that
to find good things to do with all that extra time but we can ask ourselves
extra time but we can ask ourselves
extra time but we can ask ourselves another question most of the people in
another question most of the people in
another question most of the people in the audience here own a car what’s your
the audience here own a car what’s your
the audience here own a car what’s your car doing right now probably the same
car doing right now probably the same
car doing right now probably the same thing as mine nothing and so it turns
thing as mine nothing and so it turns
thing as mine nothing and so it turns out we’re not the only bad guys there’s
out we’re not the only bad guys there’s
out we’re not the only bad guys there’s a billion cars in the world and 96% of
a billion cars in the world and 96% of
a billion cars in the world and 96% of the time they’re doing nothing what that
the time they’re doing nothing what that
the time they’re doing nothing what that means is that up to 20% of land in some
means is that up to 20% of land in some
means is that up to 20% of land in some cities is just dedicated to parking for
cities is just dedicated to parking for
cities is just dedicated to parking for all the people in this room it’s
all the people in this room it’s
all the people in this room it’s estimated that the
estimated that the
estimated that the number of parking spots just to keep our
number of parking spots just to keep our
number of parking spots just to keep our cars occupied is a good chunk of the
cars occupied is a good chunk of the
cars occupied is a good chunk of the size of the CMU campus that is a lot of
size of the CMU campus that is a lot of
size of the CMU campus that is a lot of space we could have back and so I think
space we could have back and so I think
space we could have back and so I think what we’re going to change is not only
what we’re going to change is not only
what we’re going to change is not only ourselves in our cars we’re going to
ourselves in our cars we’re going to
ourselves in our cars we’re going to change the city we have less need for
change the city we have less need for
change the city we have less need for parking infrastructure we have
parking infrastructure we have
parking infrastructure we have opportunities to do other things with it
opportunities to do other things with it
opportunities to do other things with it and so when I look at that row of parked
and so when I look at that row of parked
and so when I look at that row of parked cars right there I don’t know if it’s me
cars right there I don’t know if it’s me
cars right there I don’t know if it’s me I’m thinking bike lane that would be
I’m thinking bike lane that would be
I’m thinking bike lane that would be cool but maybe we’re going to invent
cool but maybe we’re going to invent
cool but maybe we’re going to invent some other things maybe we’re going to
some other things maybe we’re going to
some other things maybe we’re going to invent the concept of dog walking lanes
invent the concept of dog walking lanes
invent the concept of dog walking lanes and we’re going to have them everywhere
and we’re going to have them everywhere
and we’re going to have them everywhere or maybe this is going to be the kpop
or maybe this is going to be the kpop
or maybe this is going to be the kpop dancing lane or how about a special
dancing lane or how about a special
dancing lane or how about a special place just for bottle flipping I think
place just for bottle flipping I think
place just for bottle flipping I think there’s so much we could do with this
there’s so much we could do with this
there’s so much we could do with this and I think it’s going to change not
and I think it’s going to change not
and I think it’s going to change not only the space itself but the public
only the space itself but the public
only the space itself but the public transit infrastructure as we know public
transit infrastructure as we know public
transit infrastructure as we know public transit is a very valuable thing it’s
transit is a very valuable thing it’s
transit is a very valuable thing it’s valuable for all the people in a city
valuable for all the people in a city
valuable for all the people in a city but often it’s not very efficient and
but often it’s not very efficient and
but often it’s not very efficient and many cities struggle to make it
many cities struggle to make it
many cities struggle to make it financially viable once we have cars
financially viable once we have cars
financially viable once we have cars that drive themselves we have a real
that drive themselves we have a real
that drive themselves we have a real opportunity to reinvent the public
opportunity to reinvent the public
opportunity to reinvent the public transit systems in our cities and so so
transit systems in our cities and so so
transit systems in our cities and so so far I’ve taught mainly about moving
far I’ve taught mainly about moving
far I’ve taught mainly about moving people but in fact it’s important to
people but in fact it’s important to
people but in fact it’s important to move things too we spend a lot of money
move things too we spend a lot of money
move things too we spend a lot of money on that and by making the the movement
on that and by making the the movement
on that and by making the the movement of things more efficient it will become
of things more efficient it will become
of things more efficient it will become cheaper all of our goods will become
cheaper all of our goods will become
cheaper all of our goods will become cheaper all of our supply chains imagine
cheaper all of our supply chains imagine
cheaper all of our supply chains imagine you’re putting your supply chain
you’re putting your supply chain
you’re putting your supply chain together and suddenly shipping is
together and suddenly shipping is
together and suddenly shipping is automatic and cheap and efficient it’s
automatic and cheap and efficient it’s
automatic and cheap and efficient it’s going to completely change how your
going to completely change how your
going to completely change how your company operates and so what I want to
company operates and so what I want to
company operates and so what I want to do I’m going to wrap up here but the
do I’m going to wrap up here but the
do I’m going to wrap up here but the comment I want to make is that this soul
comment I want to make is that this soul
comment I want to make is that this soul dream I’ve been telling you people have
dream I’ve been telling you people have
dream I’ve been telling you people have been telling this story for decades
been telling this story for decades
been telling this story for decades pretty much since cars were invented
pretty much since cars were invented
pretty much since cars were invented that some day these things are going to
that some day these things are going to
that some day these things are going to drive them drive themselves but what’s
drive them drive themselves but what’s
drive them drive themselves but what’s changed is now the artificial
changed is now the artificial
changed is now the artificial intelligence and machine learning is
intelligence and machine learning is
intelligence and machine learning is here we can do this and it’s happening
here we can do this and it’s happening
here we can do this and it’s happening right now you can take rides in that
right now you can take rides in that
right now you can take rides in that vehicle I showed you right here in
vehicle I showed you right here in
vehicle I showed you right here in Pittsburgh you can take
Pittsburgh you can take
Pittsburgh you can take and Phoenix you’ll see self-driving cars
and Phoenix you’ll see self-driving cars
and Phoenix you’ll see self-driving cars in California and Michigan in other
in California and Michigan in other
in California and Michigan in other countries around the world so for sure
countries around the world so for sure
countries around the world so for sure the works not done there’s more to do
the works not done there’s more to do
the works not done there’s more to do and we need more help but this is
and we need more help but this is
and we need more help but this is happening right now and so what that
happening right now and so what that
happening right now and so what that means is I’m going to finish with a
means is I’m going to finish with a
means is I’m going to finish with a challenge to all of us we are on the
challenge to all of us we are on the
challenge to all of us we are on the verge of a once in a generation maybe
verge of a once in a generation maybe
verge of a once in a generation maybe once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to reinvent our lives our city and how all
reinvent our lives our city and how all
reinvent our lives our city and how all of our time and money is spent and so
of our time and money is spent and so
of our time and money is spent and so the challenge is for us to figure out
the challenge is for us to figure out
the challenge is for us to figure out what are we going to do with all these
what are we going to do with all these
what are we going to do with all these resources that are freed up by
resources that are freed up by
resources that are freed up by self-driving cars thank you
”
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