[Music] [Applause]
[Music]
[Music] mom urges scope if photographs could
mom urges scope if photographs could
mom urges scope if photographs could talk this picture that you see above
talk this picture that you see above
talk this picture that you see above would same emerges scope memoria means
would same emerges scope memoria means
would same emerges scope memoria means folding in Malagasy and scope is for
folding in Malagasy and scope is for
folding in Malagasy and scope is for microscope a few colleagues of mine with
microscope a few colleagues of mine with
microscope a few colleagues of mine with NGOs and friends and my students found
NGOs and friends and my students found
NGOs and friends and my students found ourselves in Madagascar a couple months
ourselves in Madagascar a couple months
ourselves in Madagascar a couple months ago we’re trying to tackle the idea that
ago we’re trying to tackle the idea that
ago we’re trying to tackle the idea that health education biodiversity loss
health education biodiversity loss
health education biodiversity loss environmental loss all have roots that
environmental loss all have roots that
environmental loss all have roots that are joined together and you have to
are joined together and you have to
are joined together and you have to tackle them together this is in
tackle them together this is in
tackle them together this is in Madagascar in a place called ranima fajn
Madagascar in a place called ranima fajn
Madagascar in a place called ranima fajn which is a fairly remote place this is
which is a fairly remote place this is
which is a fairly remote place this is one of the poorest countries in the
one of the poorest countries in the
one of the poorest countries in the world and we are trying to teach this
world and we are trying to teach this
world and we are trying to teach this idea that you could try connecting germ
idea that you could try connecting germ
idea that you could try connecting germ theory the fact that there is invisible
theory the fact that there is invisible
theory the fact that there is invisible life forms on this planet that actually
life forms on this planet that actually
life forms on this planet that actually make us sick the fact that there are
make us sick the fact that there are
make us sick the fact that there are microscopic diversity that you don’t
microscopic diversity that you don’t
microscopic diversity that you don’t even appreciate and understand in
even appreciate and understand in
even appreciate and understand in ecology and we do that
ecology and we do that
ecology and we do that with a tool called a full scope this is
with a tool called a full scope this is
with a tool called a full scope this is a very very simple microscope this is
a very very simple microscope this is
a very very simple microscope this is not the first microscope that I made in
not the first microscope that I made in
not the first microscope that I made in my life my very first microscope I
my life my very first microscope I
my life my very first microscope I remember when I was a kid was built by
remember when I was a kid was built by
remember when I was a kid was built by stealing my brother’s eyeglasses I
stealing my brother’s eyeglasses I
stealing my brother’s eyeglasses I thought I could get away with it
thought I could get away with it
thought I could get away with it don’t do that but one of the contexts
don’t do that but one of the contexts
don’t do that but one of the contexts that ends up happening is when you start
that ends up happening is when you start
that ends up happening is when you start bring a new tool to a community that has
bring a new tool to a community that has
bring a new tool to a community that has never been exposed to this idea that
never been exposed to this idea that
never been exposed to this idea that there could possibly be life that you
there could possibly be life that you
there could possibly be life that you cannot experience
cannot experience
cannot experience you see these shy kids starting to put
you see these shy kids starting to put
you see these shy kids starting to put together their very first microscopes
together their very first microscopes
together their very first microscopes very soon something really remarkable
very soon something really remarkable
very soon something really remarkable happens people self-assemble these are
happens people self-assemble these are
happens people self-assemble these are teachers in training that are training
teachers in training that are training
teachers in training that are training to be high school students all gathering
to be high school students all gathering
to be high school students all gathering together around this idea of exploring
together around this idea of exploring
together around this idea of exploring the new world one of the things that the
the new world one of the things that the
the new world one of the things that the students do in this process is learn how
students do in this process is learn how
students do in this process is learn how to do peer to
to do peer to
to do peer to the fact that they are outdoors we had
the fact that they are outdoors we had
the fact that they are outdoors we had to fight the principal to make sure that
to fight the principal to make sure that
to fight the principal to make sure that we can still learn outside a classroom
we can still learn outside a classroom
we can still learn outside a classroom that concept somehow didn’t manage to
that concept somehow didn’t manage to
that concept somehow didn’t manage to percolate but one of the fascinating
percolate but one of the fascinating
percolate but one of the fascinating thing that happens is the surprises so
thing that happens is the surprises so
thing that happens is the surprises so this is a true unpredictable moment that
this is a true unpredictable moment that
this is a true unpredictable moment that you’re going to see where certain kids
you’re going to see where certain kids
you’re going to see where certain kids realized we’re going to watch parasites
realized we’re going to watch parasites
realized we’re going to watch parasites this is not staged and of course they
this is not staged and of course they
this is not staged and of course they find how how in Malagasy means life
find how how in Malagasy means life
find how how in Malagasy means life that’s a live life that this kid is
that’s a live life that this kid is
that’s a live life that this kid is watching that is plucked on her own head
watching that is plucked on her own head
watching that is plucked on her own head and you start realizing that’s raka raka
and you start realizing that’s raka raka
and you start realizing that’s raka raka means blood this is the first moment
means blood this is the first moment
means blood this is the first moment that you start to connect that aha
that you start to connect that aha
that you start to connect that aha this is a parasite that was feeding on
this is a parasite that was feeding on
this is a parasite that was feeding on me and that was coming from an idea that
me and that was coming from an idea that
me and that was coming from an idea that this kid came up with his six years old
this kid came up with his six years old
this kid came up with his six years old and you start thinking about this of
and you start thinking about this of
and you start thinking about this of what happens when you land with the tool
what happens when you land with the tool
what happens when you land with the tool in a community and start sharing and
in a community and start sharing and
in a community and start sharing and this is a concept of thinking about not
this is a concept of thinking about not
this is a concept of thinking about not just dictating what they’re doing but
just dictating what they’re doing but
just dictating what they’re doing but just letting sitting and watching now if
just letting sitting and watching now if
just letting sitting and watching now if I had given this tool to all of you this
I had given this tool to all of you this
I had given this tool to all of you this is what you would be seeing this
is what you would be seeing this
is what you would be seeing this incredible biodiversity that exists on
incredible biodiversity that exists on
incredible biodiversity that exists on the planet and the microscopic life can
the planet and the microscopic life can
the planet and the microscopic life can anybody guess what that is that you see
that’s correct but you see these
that’s correct but you see these incredibly arrow-like thinks these are
incredibly arrow-like thinks these are
incredibly arrow-like thinks these are diatoms diatoms are actually alive when
diatoms diatoms are actually alive when
diatoms diatoms are actually alive when you catch them they glide in fact no
you catch them they glide in fact no
you catch them they glide in fact no scientists can actually tell you how
scientists can actually tell you how
scientists can actually tell you how they do that and the fact that you can
they do that and the fact that you can
they do that and the fact that you can just look and stumble upon open problems
just look and stumble upon open problems
just look and stumble upon open problems clearly creates this notion of exploring
clearly creates this notion of exploring
clearly creates this notion of exploring science with a sense of wonder a lot of
science with a sense of wonder a lot of
science with a sense of wonder a lot of people ask me why I do this and I tell
people ask me why I do this and I tell
people ask me why I do this and I tell them I just want to make people curious
them I just want to make people curious
them I just want to make people curious you know the sense of wonder is so
you know the sense of wonder is so
you know the sense of wonder is so powerful we have often joked that we put
powerful we have often joked that we put
powerful we have often joked that we put together a sensor in the tool to make
together a sensor in the tool to make
together a sensor in the tool to make sure it’s working it’s the smile that a
sure it’s working it’s the smile that a
sure it’s working it’s the smile that a person gives out and curiosity is the
person gives out and curiosity is the
person gives out and curiosity is the mother of innovation when you really
mother of innovation when you really
mother of innovation when you really could engage with science science turns
could engage with science science turns
could engage with science science turns curiosity into questions questions
curiosity into questions questions
curiosity into questions questions anyone can ask questions anyone
anyone can ask questions anyone
anyone can ask questions anyone can answer and with critical thinking
can answer and with critical thinking
can answer and with critical thinking and scientific tools maybe even
and scientific tools maybe even
and scientific tools maybe even distinguish fact from fiction one of the
distinguish fact from fiction one of the
distinguish fact from fiction one of the aspects of this work that I love the
aspects of this work that I love the
aspects of this work that I love the most is the community the community has
most is the community the community has
most is the community the community has been growing all the way from slums in
been growing all the way from slums in
been growing all the way from slums in Mumbai to slums in Kenya to Nepal we
Mumbai to slums in Kenya to Nepal we
Mumbai to slums in Kenya to Nepal we have people who are passionate about
have people who are passionate about
have people who are passionate about saving bees – people who just love
saving bees – people who just love
saving bees – people who just love mosquitos or love to hate mosquitoes
mosquitos or love to hate mosquitoes
mosquitos or love to hate mosquitoes we have sixth graders and we have 96
we have sixth graders and we have 96
we have sixth graders and we have 96 year old biology teachers and the
year old biology teachers and the
year old biology teachers and the passion of this community is really
passion of this community is really
passion of this community is really where the peer learning lies a couple
where the peer learning lies a couple
where the peer learning lies a couple years ago when we wrote the paper
years ago when we wrote the paper
years ago when we wrote the paper we thought that okay the problem is
we thought that okay the problem is
we thought that okay the problem is solved but it’s not so easy this is one
solved but it’s not so easy this is one
solved but it’s not so easy this is one of the challenges of making frugal tools
of the challenges of making frugal tools
of the challenges of making frugal tools is you have to share them so for the
is you have to share them so for the
is you have to share them so for the last four years we’ve been building and
last four years we’ve been building and
last four years we’ve been building and building and last two years ago we
building and last two years ago we
building and last two years ago we shared fifty thousand of these tools to
shared fifty thousand of these tools to
shared fifty thousand of these tools to 130 countries around the world and we’re
130 countries around the world and we’re
130 countries around the world and we’re not stopping because we can’t stop you
not stopping because we can’t stop you
not stopping because we can’t stop you see this map is not completely filled as
see this map is not completely filled as
see this map is not completely filled as yet so there are billions of kids that
yet so there are billions of kids that
yet so there are billions of kids that still don’t have access to these tools
still don’t have access to these tools
still don’t have access to these tools and this has created a community a
and this has created a community a
and this has created a community a grassroot of questions that people
grassroot of questions that people
grassroot of questions that people answer and so you can go on the site and
answer and so you can go on the site and
answer and so you can go on the site and check what work people do all the way
check what work people do all the way
check what work people do all the way from a few of my favorites are detecting
from a few of my favorites are detecting
from a few of my favorites are detecting fake currency from a kid in Nigeria to a
fake currency from a kid in Nigeria to a
fake currency from a kid in Nigeria to a kid in Namibia actually studying some of
kid in Namibia actually studying some of
kid in Namibia actually studying some of the largest bacteria that are only found
the largest bacteria that are only found
the largest bacteria that are only found in Namibia and this list goes on and on
in Namibia and this list goes on and on
in Namibia and this list goes on and on and on I wanted to mention this why we
and on I wanted to mention this why we
and on I wanted to mention this why we do this at the first place the world is
do this at the first place the world is
do this at the first place the world is not divided in developing countries and
not divided in developing countries and
not divided in developing countries and developed countries the world is divided
developed countries the world is divided
developed countries the world is divided in haves and have-nots this is the same
in haves and have-nots this is the same
in haves and have-nots this is the same thing that shows up in health care and
thing that shows up in health care and
thing that shows up in health care and that shows up in education we have more
that shows up in education we have more
that shows up in education we have more than a billion people on this planet who
than a billion people on this planet who
than a billion people on this planet who have absolutely no access to health care
have absolutely no access to health care
have absolutely no access to health care and we have around a billion kids that
and we have around a billion kids that
and we have around a billion kids that live in poverty one of the contexts that
live in poverty one of the contexts that
live in poverty one of the contexts that you start thinking about this when you
you start thinking about this when you
you start thinking about this when you connect these dots is what role do
connect these dots is what role do
connect these dots is what role do scientific tools play in both these
scientific tools play in both these
scientific tools play in both these endevours this is what it looks like
endevours this is what it looks like
endevours this is what it looks like like if you were to show up at a
like if you were to show up at a
like if you were to show up at a healthcare clinic out in the field my
healthcare clinic out in the field my
healthcare clinic out in the field my lab is when working for the last five
lab is when working for the last five
lab is when working for the last five years out in the field and this is where
years out in the field and this is where
years out in the field and this is where we get our inspiration for many of the
we get our inspiration for many of the
we get our inspiration for many of the projects but at that same time this is
projects but at that same time this is
projects but at that same time this is also where the rubber meets the road
also where the rubber meets the road
also where the rubber meets the road where health care workers that we work
where health care workers that we work
where health care workers that we work with are the ones that provide us the
with are the ones that provide us the
with are the ones that provide us the key insights that we need to really
key insights that we need to really
key insights that we need to really build in design tools maybe I’ll share
build in design tools maybe I’ll share
build in design tools maybe I’ll share one or two with you this is a older
one or two with you this is a older
one or two with you this is a older brother of full-scope that we just
brother of full-scope that we just
brother of full-scope that we just tested in Kenya for diagnosis for
tested in Kenya for diagnosis for
tested in Kenya for diagnosis for schistosomiasis which is primarily
schistosomiasis which is primarily
schistosomiasis which is primarily designed around the idea that health
designed around the idea that health
designed around the idea that health care workers get an ignition amount of
care workers get an ignition amount of
care workers get an ignition amount of ice strain if you’re going to be imaging
ice strain if you’re going to be imaging
ice strain if you’re going to be imaging for 10 hours so this is another tool
for 10 hours so this is another tool
for 10 hours so this is another tool that we’re trying to bring molecular
that we’re trying to bring molecular
that we’re trying to bring molecular diagnostics now to be able to diagnose
diagnostics now to be able to diagnose
diagnostics now to be able to diagnose all kinds of diseases in a modular
all kinds of diseases in a modular
all kinds of diseases in a modular fashion but inspired by the very old
fashion but inspired by the very old
fashion but inspired by the very old punch-card tapes how many of you
punch-card tapes how many of you
punch-card tapes how many of you programmed or know what I’m talking
programmed or know what I’m talking
programmed or know what I’m talking about with punch card tapes wow this is
about with punch card tapes wow this is
about with punch card tapes wow this is Stanford so that’s good that’s very good
Stanford so that’s good that’s very good
Stanford so that’s good that’s very good we realized that we could actually
we realized that we could actually
we realized that we could actually utilize the precision that’s embedded in
utilize the precision that’s embedded in
utilize the precision that’s embedded in these punch papers to really drive
these punch papers to really drive
these punch papers to really drive chemistry and I have a student heading
chemistry and I have a student heading
chemistry and I have a student heading out in Kenya to test this for malaria
out in Kenya to test this for malaria
out in Kenya to test this for malaria one of the other tools that was just
one of the other tools that was just
one of the other tools that was just described is a new tool that we came up
described is a new tool that we came up
described is a new tool that we came up with which is called a paper fuge now
with which is called a paper fuge now
with which is called a paper fuge now diagnosis is like searching for a needle
diagnosis is like searching for a needle
diagnosis is like searching for a needle in a haystack it takes a long time
in a haystack it takes a long time
in a haystack it takes a long time because probably you have only few
because probably you have only few
because probably you have only few parasites and we made a realization that
parasites and we made a realization that
parasites and we made a realization that one of the world’s oldest toys first of
one of the world’s oldest toys first of
one of the world’s oldest toys first of all nobody knew how it worked but once
all nobody knew how it worked but once
all nobody knew how it worked but once we figured that out I’m as any of you
we figured that out I’m as any of you
we figured that out I’m as any of you played with this toy before it’s called
played with this toy before it’s called
played with this toy before it’s called a whirligig or a rune rune and now I’m
a whirligig or a rune rune and now I’m
a whirligig or a rune rune and now I’m ramping it up I’m going to load it that
ramping it up I’m going to load it that
ramping it up I’m going to load it that acts as the the torsion in these strings
acts as the the torsion in these strings
acts as the the torsion in these strings and once I get this started
and once I get this started
and once I get this started I load the sample in the center disc and
I load the sample in the center disc and
I load the sample in the center disc and now I don’t know if some of you can hear
now I don’t know if some of you can hear
now I don’t know if some of you can hear that and one of the context of this is a
that and one of the context of this is a
that and one of the context of this is a very simple toy that I could pass to
very simple toy that I could pass to
very simple toy that I could pass to this
this
this implement that sitting right here and
implement that sitting right here and
implement that sitting right here and he’ll be able to learn in five minutes
he’ll be able to learn in five minutes
he’ll be able to learn in five minutes and start driving this but do you want
and start driving this but do you want
and start driving this but do you want to guess how fast this is spinning this
to guess how fast this is spinning this
to guess how fast this is spinning this is not spinning around 5,000 rpm 10,000
is not spinning around 5,000 rpm 10,000
is not spinning around 5,000 rpm 10,000 rpm we can get these tools to spin
rpm we can get these tools to spin
rpm we can get these tools to spin around a hundred thousand rpm and that’s
around a hundred thousand rpm and that’s
around a hundred thousand rpm and that’s enough to separate blood in 30 seconds
enough to separate blood in 30 seconds
enough to separate blood in 30 seconds or malaria parasites in a few minutes
or malaria parasites in a few minutes
or malaria parasites in a few minutes and one of the contexts that we can do
and one of the contexts that we can do
and one of the contexts that we can do so this is live fillery Isis all
so this is live fillery Isis all
so this is live fillery Isis all components of blood can be separated out
components of blood can be separated out
components of blood can be separated out anywhere and then once you want to
anywhere and then once you want to
anywhere and then once you want to detect them you take the tool like this
detect them you take the tool like this
detect them you take the tool like this the capillary and put it in a full scope
the capillary and put it in a full scope
the capillary and put it in a full scope to watch maybe I’ll share one last tool
to watch maybe I’ll share one last tool
to watch maybe I’ll share one last tool which is also a recent project that we
which is also a recent project that we
which is also a recent project that we announced its called a buzz idea that
announced its called a buzz idea that
announced its called a buzz idea that you can take a regular cell phone I
you can take a regular cell phone I
you can take a regular cell phone I couldn’t find my flip phone so I brought
couldn’t find my flip phone so I brought
couldn’t find my flip phone so I brought a smartphone that was that I use but a
a smartphone that was that I use but a
a smartphone that was that I use but a regular flip phone or a dumb phone it’s
regular flip phone or a dumb phone it’s
regular flip phone or a dumb phone it’s called has the capacity to be able to
called has the capacity to be able to
called has the capacity to be able to record acoustic signatures from
record acoustic signatures from
record acoustic signatures from mosquitoes and that allows us to
mosquitoes and that allows us to
mosquitoes and that allows us to speciate mosquitoes so if you have never
speciate mosquitoes so if you have never
speciate mosquitoes so if you have never heard this before
heard this before
heard this before I’ll irritate you with the buzz of a
I’ll irritate you with the buzz of a
I’ll irritate you with the buzz of a mosquito although that sounds irritating
mosquito although that sounds irritating
mosquito although that sounds irritating that has all the information we need to
that has all the information we need to
that has all the information we need to speciate what exact mosquitoes there are
speciate what exact mosquitoes there are
speciate what exact mosquitoes there are 3500 species of mosquitoes but only 2025
3500 species of mosquitoes but only 2025
3500 species of mosquitoes but only 2025 actually carry pathogens that are
actually carry pathogens that are
actually carry pathogens that are infectious to humans so you can have a
infectious to humans so you can have a
infectious to humans so you can have a mosquito that’s a nuisance or you might
mosquito that’s a nuisance or you might
mosquito that’s a nuisance or you might have something that’s going to carry
have something that’s going to carry
have something that’s going to carry Zika dengue chikungunya or all of them
Zika dengue chikungunya or all of them
Zika dengue chikungunya or all of them so one of the context we built the very
so one of the context we built the very
so one of the context we built the very first and largest acoustic database all
first and largest acoustic database all
first and largest acoustic database all recorded from that $10 flip phone that
recorded from that $10 flip phone that
recorded from that $10 flip phone that you see up there to be able to speciate
you see up there to be able to speciate
you see up there to be able to speciate and differentiate all these species and
and differentiate all these species and
and differentiate all these species and one of the power of this is to really
one of the power of this is to really
one of the power of this is to really give this back to the community
give this back to the community
give this back to the community all of you could now engage in this
all of you could now engage in this
all of you could now engage in this project and essentially build real-time
project and essentially build real-time
project and essentially build real-time maps of mosquito acoustics around the
maps of mosquito acoustics around the
maps of mosquito acoustics around the world okay so in my closing words again
world okay so in my closing words again
world okay so in my closing words again if photographs could talk this one will
if photographs could talk this one will
if photographs could talk this one will set tell you hey dad give me my
set tell you hey dad give me my
set tell you hey dad give me my microscope back
but in more seriousness I had come back
but in more seriousness I had come back and three months four months had passed
and three months four months had passed
and three months four months had passed I’d forgotten a little bit about
I’d forgotten a little bit about
I’d forgotten a little bit about Madagascar I mean those memories that
Madagascar I mean those memories that
Madagascar I mean those memories that are alive and suddenly I received this
are alive and suddenly I received this
are alive and suddenly I received this packet of thirty paintings made by those
packet of thirty paintings made by those
packet of thirty paintings made by those very same kids describing the natural
very same kids describing the natural
very same kids describing the natural wonder that they see and one of the
wonder that they see and one of the
wonder that they see and one of the contexts that I want to do just because
contexts that I want to do just because
contexts that I want to do just because I call back from March for science and
I call back from March for science and
I call back from March for science and it was an incredible experience is the
it was an incredible experience is the
it was an incredible experience is the fact that we need to make a promise as
fact that we need to make a promise as
fact that we need to make a promise as we stand for science we need to make a
we stand for science we need to make a
we stand for science we need to make a promise to make science accessible to
promise to make science accessible to
promise to make science accessible to everyone not just the people who can
everyone not just the people who can
everyone not just the people who can afford it but the billion kids who can’t
afford it but the billion kids who can’t
afford it but the billion kids who can’t science and scientific literacy should
science and scientific literacy should
science and scientific literacy should almost be a human right once you pass
almost be a human right once you pass
almost be a human right once you pass this tickling feeling of being able to
this tickling feeling of being able to
this tickling feeling of being able to discover something to the next
discover something to the next
discover something to the next generation they are the ones that have
generation they are the ones that have
generation they are the ones that have to tackle a large number of problems
to tackle a large number of problems
to tackle a large number of problems that are leaving that we are leaving
that are leaving that we are leaving
that are leaving that we are leaving behind so I hope you join in that
behind so I hope you join in that
behind so I hope you join in that promise and thank you
promise and thank you
promise and thank you [Applause]
”
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