I’m a big fan
doctor sholdona
Cooper
A theoretical physicist from
series theory
big bang
doctor shudonu
Cooper needed
only 1 series
to design
these
wonderful
luminous fisherman to me
unlike him
it took two years
that
construct
similar to them
luminous bacteria
but now with the help of
of these bacteria
I study another very
interesting object a
namely nanoparticles
nanoparticles
are so interesting
that at the dismount of the Cooper
there is a T-shirt with their
image
specifically here
depicted
nanotubes on it like
and the name itself
says this something
very small and
happiness for me is our
previous speaker
maxim and not too much
very good already
told that
what is it
represents here
such on the structure
nanometer specifically
here is one connection
denotes one atom
that is, nanoparticles
are just
of several hundred
atoms scientists
have learned
produce such
small particles do not
so long ago
only 30 years ago
and they immediately became
very popular
because they were
very useful and
nicknamed this
a real revolution with
they help scientists
have learned to create
different
Interesting
unique materials
with absolutely new
properties let’s
let’s see what the
I’m here a little
a selection of such
materials with them
maybe you
touched in
estonia somewhere
everyday life
such as boeing aircraft
787 dreamliner and sometimes
can be seen in
Tallinn
airport
it is half composed
from nanocomposites in
mostly it consists of
of nanotubes
which makes it
strong and at the same time
time is very easy and
Estonian start-up
very successful
skeleton technology
he produces ultra
capacitors based on
known on
material graph
on coming to more
everyday things
maybe a doctor
wrote you drops
from the common cold
protargol or
collargol and they
contain nanoparticles
of pure silver
it is also possible for
you have us cues on
silver thread and
there again
is contained in
silver or you even
sometimes used
nanoparticles food
for example a kind of a shish kebab
Sarama and here
nanoparticles can
hide under code
e100 7 st1
it is titanium dioxide and
he does well, for example
the same shish kebab more
white is the same
substance you can
buy under the pier and
nanoparticles more
pure militia under
brand name with
kill and
manufacturer
promises that the super
makes a cream or
marzipan your
baking more white a
means more
appetizing and with
Dmitriy Ulyanenko
will be said and more
sold that is
you see that
nanoparticles very
I have a lot here
only very
small say
examples are they
different and most likely
you used to be
have benefited from
or even constantly
use on
products but itself
interesting that often
you do not even
know because by
current law
producers do not
must mark
on to
products that is
for example you have
some bank
sunscreen
cream on it indicated
what is there
titanium dioxide and
zinc oxide such
sun protection
substance but not
indicated that they
contains the form
nanoparticles
it happened because
that the nanoparticle is
stuff is pretty
new and earlier when
they did not exist
pharmaceuticals and
industry
very thoroughly
studied the properties of these
substances
let’s say when they were
a larger
size
and identical in
chemical composition and
came cool that they
absolutely safe
for good health
they can
use and when
appeared
nanoparticles are the same
rule was applied to
him that is decided once
chemical composition
the same means
nanoparticles too
safe for us but
later it turned out that
this unfortunately does not
always and
it turned out on
example of nanotubes
scientists first physicians
noticed that people
which deal with
production
nanomaterials
specifically nanotubes
very often eat
certain disease
specifically
respiratory
and diseases such
pathology of the lungs
which very often
even lead to cancer
lungs
scientists have become
do this
question
find out what is all about
same problem and
found that
milling of substance
given on the state
not only changes it
physics
physico-chemical
properties such
positive
the side gives us
new wonderful
materials
but also changes it
biological
properties that is
does this substance
we are sometimes more
dangerous for the living
organisms
sometimes for us
that a nanoparticle can
do in our
organism
let us assume this is our
cell first they
can contribute to
the formation of
oxygen radicals
here is an example
red carrying out the
contribution of oxygen
oxygen radicals
there is a constant
our cage well
small
they
the process
breathing and when their
few normal
conditions the cell is very
good with them
copes
using
certain
proteins for these purposes
but when these
oxygen radicals
becomes too
for example, for example
impact
some nanoparticles
the cell is no longer
copes and these
oxygen radicals
begin to react
with some of our and
biomolecules that
such as dnk
but such a reaction with DNA
it is fraught with mutations
which in a very
rare conditions even
leads to some kind of
forms of cancer, especially
potentially dangerous
metal
nanoparticles because
in addition to that
what can they
promotes
the formation of
oxygen radicals
can damage the dnk
they are evaporated and
release the metal a
excess metal it
also for the cell
harmful for example it
can somehow
react with proteins
and violate functions
proteins
what does all this mean
specifically for you and
here we say you have
cell
at the cell level
such
very nice things
they can lead
some changes
at the level of
organism
nanoparticles are not
kill but for example y
you may fall
liver function in
the long
perspective because
that nanoparticles, like
a lot others
chemicals
accumulate in the liver
or weaken
suppose the function
immune system or
for example some
cell populations or
even through the body
grow older
time because those
the same oxygen radicals
these are strong oxidants
they participate in
older in the process
aging cells then
there are all these moments
not very pleasant and
long-term
consumption
some on
products can
bring the same time
I would not like you
scare very much
because at the very
most of the
on
products
on the market
they are safe by
least so
scientists believe
among them there are
some share of dangerous
that is , the most
the main problem is
us to distinguish between dangerous
from safely that is
Here it is to find this
small share
potentially dangerous
and this is not so
easy because
products already on the market
there are about 2000 of them each
product requires
its type of tests
development of these tests
some
standardized
but that is all this is it
testing if we
will rule
products one at a time
it can test
stretch out
really at
tens of years for example
as a consumer in
this is not
interested and
because then with
me all this time
potentially
use
potentially dangerous
products that is to us
somehow we have to
everyone is interested
so that in order to both
somehow accelerate this
process that is us
need some new
fast tests that
would help
potentially dangerous
products very quickly
and concentrate
namely to study them
i.e
ignoring
are safe
when all these are the topics
testing
hazards of nanoparticles
became relevant
studied at
doctorate in
genetics and I
designed a
luminous bacteria
for absolutely others
goals but these
Problems
testing
nanoparticles, let’s say
potential
they
so much for me
intrigued that I
changed the subject
thesis and the beginning
design a new
type of bacteria
luminous
which help
quickly determine here
such
potentially dangerous
products and at the very
business
bacteria is excellent
suitable for these
goals because the tank
you cage bacteria
she is genetically
almost perfect
there is very little in it
information and easy
modify and
bacterium fast
reproduces that is
short interval
time we can
get a lot of
data
test
but a large number of
for example nanoparticles
or on the containing
products therefore
msp lab I
created such
bacteria that
start to glow
when nano particles or
on to
products
represent some
danger to the cell
specifically when they
begin to
let’s say
the formation of
oxygen radicals
whom I spoke of
damage the DNA or
dissolve that is
these bacteria in
some kind of
early indicators
potential
hazards of nanoparticles
and we call them beats
You can touch
call it sensors
how did I do such
bacteria
I used
natural
bacterial capacity
resist
negative conditions
the environment
feel them and
resist for
this in bacteria in the DNA
there is a definite
system is
perception protection
imagine that this
DNA is not a DNA
bacteria and each
such a protection system
consists at least
of two elements
The first element can be
call touch
it is he
perceive
information about some
negative factors
The second element can be
call structural
structural element
he gets
information from
sensory element and
he is responsible for
Protein production
which helps
bacteria
adapt to
negative invoice
if, for example,
cells appear already
known to us
oxygen radicals
touch element
accept this
information and submits
signal by structural
element activates
him that he started
synthesize a protein
which protects us
from radicals
oxygen or
bacteria in this
case we also have
such systems i
took advantage of this
structure
especially so that
touch element it
is universal and it
can activate
any element that
is in
direct
intimacy with him and
using different
genetic
engineering
I replaced
structural element
element for
production of light and
in fact this
stage which is now
for you looks
so very easy and
fast for me
occupied the largest
amount of time I
I can talk about it
infinitely so
better I will not
I will start to tell
you that I have
I got it
the
special bacteria
which begin
produce light
then when for example
in the cell appears
oxygen radicals
or the cell has
damage to DNA or
nanoparticles are permissible
these
bacteria
their light looks so
even
with the naked
glance and with the help of
they can be done
all kinds of funny things
for example we sometimes
make postcards
some New Year’s
write something on the cups
petri but they can be
use with
great mind
for example take
a large number of
nanoparticles and need
products to mix them
with these bacteria and
I will look for
bacteria glow
or not if they
glow and
intensity of light
suffice
more then
nanoparticle
potentially dangerous
if not then with a large
probability of
these nanoparticles are not
I’m dangerously
designed
about 10 sub species
such bacteria and
tested with their
using quite
a lot on products
and nanoparticles and
my results
showed that our
results from
colleagues
that the majority
nanoparticles
safely that is they
do nothing
bacteria did not shine
but among them there were
such nanoparticles
which were dangerous and
especially stood out
on for silver
silver nanoparticles
we with colleagues
written pair
articles on this topic on
that other scientists to us
said before your
bacteria are
wonderful
the system is very
original such
here was not yet for
testing
nanoparticles but that
your bacterium says
about our cage
is it really
shows the danger
nanoparticles on cells
say a man
how good is it
very good model
question and it
motivated me
initiate one
is very
large-scale
a study we with
colleagues gathered
a large number of
hazard information
nanoparticles for various
organisms for different
cells from
cells of bacteria and
ending with everyones
aquatic organisms and
human cells and
this study it
was very large
scale almost 100
pages there was
important information
but the results were
surprise simple ones
nanoparticles that
were dangerous for
they were bacteria
dangerous for others
organisms and
number for cells
person and again from
those nanoparticles
which we studied
the most dangerous were
silver nanoparticles
again and
this study
became very
popular others
scientists picked it up
he was often spoken about
at the conference and on
different and everyones
political
organization of policy
began to talk about
turns out
some
nanoparticles are dangerous
can what is
products are
ban and so 2014
the United States was the first
country that
banned
use is not
authorized
silver nanoparticles in
european law yet
laws also change
silver nanoparticles
It is not yet banned but
now all new
products with
nanoparticles
silver should be much
better test
before here than
bring them to market
we should sell them
OK
test
the results of this
legislation and in
including its
I sometimes see work and
in life for example
I was recently discharged
Ironically
protargol which I
just a lot
studied drops from
a cold and I noticed
that now they
sold in
prescription they used to
They sold without
prescription and before them
finally was
the maximum
a dose that is more than three
days can not be taken
that is, consumption
these are the
nanoparticles on the
products began to
more
safe more
regulated
and it seems to me that with
nanoparticles all
will resolve well we
took steps
to take them under
control to
Now we reached
legislation but
what scares me
think about what
nanoparticles were on
market for 30 years and in
all this
time no one even
asked if they could
there must be some
implications for
health is dangerous
they are all just
tried somehow
used in
some
remarkable goals and
so often happens with
many new
technologies we
admired we
we use them
we think that you are such
new with their help
create but we do not
ask ourselves to
what can it all do
bring a lead then
there is now past
maybe even 150 years
warming up so
quickly that we
invent things
faster than we can
understand
what are we
nevertheless they invented me
we all seem
professionals
enthusiasts of their
business does not matter who
scientists and technologists and
engineers we can
make the world much
safer
if we keep
critical thinking
and think about how
consequences
bring new things and
new technology
which we with such
enthusiasm
break thank you for
Attention
[applause]
”
Be First to Comment