[Applause] whenever you engage in an important
whenever you engage in an important
whenever you engage in an important discussion you’re going to have to
discussion you’re going to have to
discussion you’re going to have to answer one particular question what do
answer one particular question what do
answer one particular question what do you think well what do you think it’s
you think well what do you think it’s
you think well what do you think it’s not always an easy question to answer
not always an easy question to answer
not always an easy question to answer you may not feel like you have all the
you may not feel like you have all the
you may not feel like you have all the information available and you may find
information available and you may find
information available and you may find yourself reverting back to snapshots of
yourself reverting back to snapshots of
yourself reverting back to snapshots of arguments to emotive statements or
arguments to emotive statements or
arguments to emotive statements or headlines or slogans take like this now
headlines or slogans take like this now
headlines or slogans take like this now although the most of you were too young
although the most of you were too young
although the most of you were too young to vote I’m sure you all got swept along
to vote I’m sure you all got swept along
to vote I’m sure you all got swept along in the EU referendum debate and this was
in the EU referendum debate and this was
in the EU referendum debate and this was the baby that was characterized by these
the baby that was characterized by these
the baby that was characterized by these kinds of slogans and headlines really
kinds of slogans and headlines really
kinds of slogans and headlines really trying to appeal to your emotions you
trying to appeal to your emotions you
trying to appeal to your emotions you all sort of deeper feelings and this in
all sort of deeper feelings and this in
all sort of deeper feelings and this in many ways can be dangerous the EU
many ways can be dangerous the EU
many ways can be dangerous the EU referendum saw many people have you want
referendum saw many people have you want
referendum saw many people have you want to think and when you’re surrounded by
to think and when you’re surrounded by
to think and when you’re surrounded by this kind of narrative it becomes
this kind of narrative it becomes
this kind of narrative it becomes incredibly difficult to ensure the
incredibly difficult to ensure the
incredibly difficult to ensure the opinions that you therefore whole are
opinions that you therefore whole are
opinions that you therefore whole are the ones that you truly believe in ones
the ones that you truly believe in ones
the ones that you truly believe in ones that are based on facts and information
that are based on facts and information
that are based on facts and information and not your emotions the reality is
and not your emotions the reality is
and not your emotions the reality is that all of these opinions
that all of these opinions
that all of these opinions exhibit a number of common
exhibit a number of common
exhibit a number of common characteristics they’re going to be
characteristics they’re going to be
characteristics they’re going to be limited they’re going to be
limited they’re going to be
limited they’re going to be sensationalized they’re going to be a
sensationalized they’re going to be a
sensationalized they’re going to be a motive they’re going to be bias because
motive they’re going to be bias because
motive they’re going to be bias because nobody can tell you the whole story and
nobody can tell you the whole story and
nobody can tell you the whole story and therefore go tell your story they want
therefore go tell your story they want
therefore go tell your story they want you to hear and i’m going to use the
you to hear and i’m going to use the
you to hear and i’m going to use the information that’s going to heal to the
information that’s going to heal to the
information that’s going to heal to the most the emotive and sensational parts
most the emotive and sensational parts
most the emotive and sensational parts of any debate to really get to you and
of any debate to really get to you and
of any debate to really get to you and that leads to a situation like this now
that leads to a situation like this now
that leads to a situation like this now these two headlines are about the same
these two headlines are about the same
these two headlines are about the same event but they could hardly be more
event but they could hardly be more
event but they could hardly be more different and that’s because all of this
different and that’s because all of this
different and that’s because all of this leads to a situation where we get a
leads to a situation where we get a
leads to a situation where we get a divided society I’m sure you all solid
divided society I’m sure you all solid
divided society I’m sure you all solid during the referendum you have the lead
during the referendum you have the lead
during the referendum you have the lead campaign and you have the romaine
campaign and you have the romaine
campaign and you have the romaine company and early on in the debate
company and early on in the debate
company and early on in the debate almost everyone came to a decision as to
almost everyone came to a decision as to
almost everyone came to a decision as to which side they were going to support
which side they were going to support
which side they were going to support and this wasn’t necessarily based on
and this wasn’t necessarily based on
and this wasn’t necessarily based on information but rather on the kind of
information but rather on the kind of
information but rather on the kind of emotive headlines and slogans and
emotive headlines and slogans and
emotive headlines and slogans and refer to you before so what happens in
refer to you before so what happens in
refer to you before so what happens in the situation is that you get some
the situation is that you get some
the situation is that you get some deciding what they believe before we
deciding what they believe before we
deciding what they believe before we have all the information so then when
have all the information so then when
have all the information so then when they come to look for information they
they come to look for information they
they come to look for information they look for the information that supports
look for the information that supports
look for the information that supports that opinion that they have already
that opinion that they have already
that opinion that they have already decided on for someone who believes that
decided on for someone who believes that
decided on for someone who believes that we should leave EU or remain in the EU
we should leave EU or remain in the EU
we should leave EU or remain in the EU looks to information that supports that
looks to information that supports that
looks to information that supports that view the two sides of the argument will
view the two sides of the argument will
view the two sides of the argument will come more and more convinced that they
come more and more convinced that they
come more and more convinced that they are the ones that are right and they get
are the ones that are right and they get
are the ones that are right and they get pushed further and further apart this
pushed further and further apart this
pushed further and further apart this ground in the middle is sort of I just
ground in the middle is sort of I just
ground in the middle is sort of I just think that it’s the common sense area
think that it’s the common sense area
think that it’s the common sense area the reality that both sides have pros
the reality that both sides have pros
the reality that both sides have pros and cons because almost completely
and cons because almost completely
and cons because almost completely ignore now this isn’t something that
ignore now this isn’t something that
ignore now this isn’t something that it’s just normal people who are guilty
it’s just normal people who are guilty
it’s just normal people who are guilty of it’s actually something that people
of it’s actually something that people
of it’s actually something that people far higher up make mistakes or as well
far higher up make mistakes or as well
far higher up make mistakes or as well the UN and NATO organizations that are
the UN and NATO organizations that are
the UN and NATO organizations that are built on certain core assumptions
built on certain core assumptions
built on certain core assumptions assumptions such as our belief in
assumptions such as our belief in
assumptions such as our belief in democracy in freedom in human rights and
democracy in freedom in human rights and
democracy in freedom in human rights and are these these are noble things to
are these these are noble things to
are these these are noble things to believe in unlock codes are not good but
believe in unlock codes are not good but
believe in unlock codes are not good but these beliefs can also in the same way
these beliefs can also in the same way
these beliefs can also in the same way that our belief that we should we
that our belief that we should we
that our belief that we should we you can lead to making mistakes now I’m
you can lead to making mistakes now I’m
you can lead to making mistakes now I’m studying for my thesis of the moment and
studying for my thesis of the moment and
studying for my thesis of the moment and 11 will talk about is the situation in
11 will talk about is the situation in
11 will talk about is the situation in Libya in 2011 now this cartoon is
Libya in 2011 now this cartoon is
Libya in 2011 now this cartoon is actually surprisingly accurate about
actually surprisingly accurate about
actually surprisingly accurate about what happened but but to just give you a
what happened but but to just give you a
what happened but but to just give you a brief overview Colonel Gaddafi the
brief overview Colonel Gaddafi the
brief overview Colonel Gaddafi the dictator in Libya and being in power for
dictator in Libya and being in power for
dictator in Libya and being in power for more than 40 years that many of those
more than 40 years that many of those
more than 40 years that many of those years use an oppressive dictator in a
years use an oppressive dictator in a
years use an oppressive dictator in a lot of ways so in 2011 as part of a
lot of ways so in 2011 as part of a
lot of ways so in 2011 as part of a wider picture of the Arab Spring he
wider picture of the Arab Spring he
wider picture of the Arab Spring he faces protest all these people
faces protest all these people
faces protest all these people particularly in the city of Benghazi and
particularly in the city of Benghazi and
particularly in the city of Benghazi and now he uses his security and structure
now he uses his security and structure
now he uses his security and structure is his armed forces attack these
is his armed forces attack these
is his armed forces attack these protesters and the situation escalates
protesters and the situation escalates
protesters and the situation escalates and escalates until until the rebels
and escalates until until the rebels
and escalates until until the rebels hold the city Benghazi Gaddafi is
hold the city Benghazi Gaddafi is
hold the city Benghazi Gaddafi is fighting back he’s using his air force
fighting back he’s using his air force
fighting back he’s using his air force he’s hitting his own people with Miss
he’s hitting his own people with Miss
he’s hitting his own people with Miss islands and the UN looks the situation
islands and the UN looks the situation
islands and the UN looks the situation and they see a dictator brutally
and they see a dictator brutally
and they see a dictator brutally attacking your own people this is
attacking your own people this is
attacking your own people this is against everything the UN believes it so
against everything the UN believes it so
against everything the UN believes it so when Qaddafi stands up and says that
when Qaddafi stands up and says that
when Qaddafi stands up and says that he’s going to go house by house room by
he’s going to go house by house room by
he’s going to go house by house room by room and purifying his country of the
room and purifying his country of the
room and purifying his country of the rebels the UN quite simply panics and
rebels the UN quite simply panics and
rebels the UN quite simply panics and understandably they say about killing
understandably they say about killing
understandably they say about killing his own
his own
his own violating that human rights and they
violating that human rights and they
violating that human rights and they always immediately authorized
always immediately authorized
always immediately authorized intervention by NATO to protect
intervention by NATO to protect
intervention by NATO to protect civilians that is that is the reason for
civilians that is that is the reason for
civilians that is that is the reason for this intervention to protect civilians
this intervention to protect civilians
this intervention to protect civilians and what this leads to do is NATO
and what this leads to do is NATO
and what this leads to do is NATO missile strike on behalf ease forces to
missile strike on behalf ease forces to
missile strike on behalf ease forces to get rid of an immediate threat but they
get rid of an immediate threat but they
get rid of an immediate threat but they don’t stop that they keep hitting these
don’t stop that they keep hitting these
don’t stop that they keep hitting these forces they remove his means of holding
forces they remove his means of holding
forces they remove his means of holding on to power until eventually several
on to power until eventually several
on to power until eventually several months later the rebels capture and kill
months later the rebels capture and kill
months later the rebels capture and kill their former ruler now this was a
their former ruler now this was a
their former ruler now this was a contentious issue from status wasn’t you
contentious issue from status wasn’t you
contentious issue from status wasn’t you know a clear-cut quit but matter but the
know a clear-cut quit but matter but the
know a clear-cut quit but matter but the reality was that early on many people
reality was that early on many people
reality was that early on many people saw this is a victory or a potential
saw this is a victory or a potential
saw this is a victory or a potential victory for democracy for peace they saw
victory for democracy for peace they saw
victory for democracy for peace they saw a chance to take country that never
a chance to take country that never
a chance to take country that never before had elections that have been
before had elections that have been
before had elections that have been under the rule of one man 40 years and
under the rule of one man 40 years and
under the rule of one man 40 years and to turn it into a democracy to bring
to turn it into a democracy to bring
to turn it into a democracy to bring peace and stability to the area but that
peace and stability to the area but that
peace and stability to the area but that situation just didn’t bear out now a
situation just didn’t bear out now a
situation just didn’t bear out now a picture can’t tell the whole story and
picture can’t tell the whole story and
picture can’t tell the whole story and this is just one that found on Google
this is just one that found on Google
this is just one that found on Google but the situation in Libya is probably
but the situation in Libya is probably
but the situation in Libya is probably not what you’re imagining it was before
not what you’re imagining it was before
not what you’re imagining it was before the Civil War Libya was not some failed
the Civil War Libya was not some failed
the Civil War Libya was not some failed state where people struggling to feed
state where people struggling to feed
state where people struggling to feed themselves Lydia was actually the
themselves Lydia was actually the
themselves Lydia was actually the wealthiest country in Africa it was the
wealthiest country in Africa it was the
wealthiest country in Africa it was the country with the highest GDP the highest
country with the highest GDP the highest
country with the highest GDP the highest human development index the lowest child
human development index the lowest child
human development index the lowest child mortality and the highest life
mortality and the highest life
mortality and the highest life expectancy and a lot of this was
expectancy and a lot of this was
expectancy and a lot of this was actually due to Gaddafi when he took
actually due to Gaddafi when he took
actually due to Gaddafi when he took over Libya was a very very poor country
over Libya was a very very poor country
over Libya was a very very poor country and he did a lot improved a lot in the
and he did a lot improved a lot in the
and he did a lot improved a lot in the situation in many areas I’m not going to
situation in many areas I’m not going to
situation in many areas I’m not going to say he was a moral man because in many
say he was a moral man because in many
say he was a moral man because in many cases he also oppressed his people quite
cases he also oppressed his people quite
cases he also oppressed his people quite brutal but there are two sides of the
brutal but there are two sides of the
brutal but there are two sides of the coin situation now low we’re now in 2017
coin situation now low we’re now in 2017
coin situation now low we’re now in 2017 six years after the intervention and the
six years after the intervention and the
six years after the intervention and the sill illness but no effective government
sill illness but no effective government
sill illness but no effective government in living thousands of people are still
in living thousands of people are still
in living thousands of people are still dying every year organizations like Al
dying every year organizations like Al
dying every year organizations like Al Qaeda and Isis a starting to get a
Qaeda and Isis a starting to get a
Qaeda and Isis a starting to get a stronger foot have fun because there’s
stronger foot have fun because there’s
stronger foot have fun because there’s no security matter quite simply you have
no security matter quite simply you have
no security matter quite simply you have to look at this situation say how did an
to look at this situation say how did an
to look at this situation say how did an intervention that was there to protect
intervention that was there to protect
intervention that was there to protect civilians result in a situation like
civilians result in a situation like
civilians result in a situation like this well to bring it back round to the
this well to bring it back round to the
this well to bring it back round to the EU referendum in the same way but we
EU referendum in the same way but we
EU referendum in the same way but we made assumptions about what we believe
made assumptions about what we believe
made assumptions about what we believe to be right when we were voting on
to be right when we were voting on
to be right when we were voting on remote
remote
remote Britain’s situation in the EU the UN
Britain’s situation in the EU the UN
Britain’s situation in the EU the UN polls and certain core assumption their
polls and certain core assumption their
polls and certain core assumption their belief in democracy in human rights in
belief in democracy in human rights in
belief in democracy in human rights in freedom and the protection of civilians
freedom and the protection of civilians
freedom and the protection of civilians and it’s led to this situation I how
and it’s led to this situation I how
and it’s led to this situation I how does that happen well I’m going to
does that happen well I’m going to
does that happen well I’m going to propose that perhaps through certain
propose that perhaps through certain
propose that perhaps through certain hard truths of the UN failed to
hard truths of the UN failed to
hard truths of the UN failed to acknowledge when they made the decisions
acknowledge when they made the decisions
acknowledge when they made the decisions in to be in Libya first of these you can
in to be in Libya first of these you can
in to be in Libya first of these you can perhaps already guess at the tater chips
perhaps already guess at the tater chips
perhaps already guess at the tater chips can be good now get acne as I’ve already
can be good now get acne as I’ve already
can be good now get acne as I’ve already said do a lot to improve the economic
said do a lot to improve the economic
said do a lot to improve the economic situation in Libya you know the part of
situation in Libya you know the part of
situation in Libya you know the part of the reason the teacher can be successful
the reason the teacher can be successful
the reason the teacher can be successful typically in a volatile situation like
typically in a volatile situation like
typically in a volatile situation like that huh is that they are able to act
that huh is that they are able to act
that huh is that they are able to act quickly is sizably and even if it
quickly is sizably and even if it
quickly is sizably and even if it sometimes may be troubling for swimming
sometimes may be troubling for swimming
sometimes may be troubling for swimming whereas the democracy gets caught up and
whereas the democracy gets caught up and
whereas the democracy gets caught up and slow bureaucratic processes the need to
slow bureaucratic processes the need to
slow bureaucratic processes the need to come to an agreement between everyone
come to an agreement between everyone
come to an agreement between everyone well that means that they can be open to
well that means that they can be open to
well that means that they can be open to abuse and subversion why people are
abuse and subversion why people are
abuse and subversion why people are willing to use more violent means that
willing to use more violent means that
willing to use more violent means that is why democracy failed to sing holding
is why democracy failed to sing holding
is why democracy failed to sing holding the second are true perhaps even more
the second are true perhaps even more
the second are true perhaps even more difficult summer now I don’t mean this a
difficult summer now I don’t mean this a
difficult summer now I don’t mean this a sense that we should just turn a blind
sense that we should just turn a blind
sense that we should just turn a blind eye when we see people being killed by
eye when we see people being killed by
eye when we see people being killed by the leaders the difficult assumption the
the leaders the difficult assumption the
the leaders the difficult assumption the difficult assumption that the UN made is
difficult assumption that the UN made is
difficult assumption that the UN made is that they improve the situation the
that they improve the situation the
that they improve the situation the reality is if you if the UN not
reality is if you if the UN not
reality is if you if the UN not authorized intervention it actually
authorized intervention it actually
authorized intervention it actually would have likely defeats the rebels in
would have likely defeats the rebels in
would have likely defeats the rebels in a matter of weeks stability would have
a matter of weeks stability would have
a matter of weeks stability would have content you Olivia would have continued
content you Olivia would have continued
content you Olivia would have continued to be an affluent country yes he may
to be an affluent country yes he may
to be an affluent country yes he may have oppresses people but in many ways
have oppresses people but in many ways
have oppresses people but in many ways you have to look into the situation
you have to look into the situation
you have to look into the situation would be far better for the majority
would be far better for the majority
would be far better for the majority people that it currently is now that can
people that it currently is now that can
people that it currently is now that can be quite difficult swallow or what point
be quite difficult swallow or what point
be quite difficult swallow or what point do we say we can’t allow these human
do we say we can’t allow these human
do we say we can’t allow these human rights abuse or point we believe we can
rights abuse or point we believe we can
rights abuse or point we believe we can improve the situation I hope have a
improve the situation I hope have a
improve the situation I hope have a simple answer but it leads on to the
simple answer but it leads on to the
simple answer but it leads on to the final point that I want to make now I’m
final point that I want to make now I’m
final point that I want to make now I’m not going to tell you what’s faint here
not going to tell you what’s faint here
not going to tell you what’s faint here because that goes against the entire
because that goes against the entire
because that goes against the entire points my soul but I do want you to do
points my soul but I do want you to do
points my soul but I do want you to do that’s you self-serving questions look
that’s you self-serving questions look
that’s you self-serving questions look at this situation in Libya and so I say
at this situation in Libya and so I say
at this situation in Libya and so I say if values such as democracy and human
if values such as democracy and human
if values such as democracy and human rights who lead to such destruction
rights who lead to such destruction
rights who lead to such destruction because people fail to look at me
because people fail to look at me
because people fail to look at me critically
critically
critically then what are some of the assumptions
then what are some of the assumptions
then what are some of the assumptions that I followed what are some of the
that I followed what are some of the
that I followed what are some of the things that I think how they affect in
things that I think how they affect in
things that I think how they affect in my day-to-day life are they effective
my day-to-day life are they effective
my day-to-day life are they effective decisions that I making the thing is
decisions that I making the thing is
decisions that I making the thing is that I hold so there are a few things I
that I hold so there are a few things I
that I hold so there are a few things I want you to go away from there and think
want you to go away from there and think
want you to go away from there and think about first thing play devil’s advocate
about first thing play devil’s advocate
about first thing play devil’s advocate might I don’t just mean talk you look at
might I don’t just mean talk you look at
might I don’t just mean talk you look at what other people say and really
what other people say and really
what other people say and really challenge them I mean take a look at
challenge them I mean take a look at
challenge them I mean take a look at yourself if you find yourself giving an
yourself if you find yourself giving an
yourself if you find yourself giving an opinion or arguing a certain point of
opinion or arguing a certain point of
opinion or arguing a certain point of view take a step back and say why is it
view take a step back and say why is it
view take a step back and say why is it that is what I’m arguing is it perhaps
that is what I’m arguing is it perhaps
that is what I’m arguing is it perhaps because I have informed myself I’ve
because I have informed myself I’ve
because I have informed myself I’ve looked at all the arguments that I’ve
looked at all the arguments that I’ve
looked at all the arguments that I’ve come to an informed decision or is it
come to an informed decision or is it
come to an informed decision or is it because I’m getting swept along in the
because I’m getting swept along in the
because I’m getting swept along in the sidewalk people around me think in
sidewalk people around me think in
sidewalk people around me think in certain emotive headlines am I getting
certain emotive headlines am I getting
certain emotive headlines am I getting caught up in a way
caught up in a way
caught up in a way it’s a very difficult thing to do but if
it’s a very difficult thing to do but if
it’s a very difficult thing to do but if you do that then you’re making the first
you do that then you’re making the first
you do that then you’re making the first steps informing yourself more
steps informing yourself more
steps informing yourself more effectively which brings on second point
effectively which brings on second point
effectively which brings on second point I don’t mean when I say read watch and
I don’t mean when I say read watch and
I don’t mean when I say read watch and listen I don’t mean just look at the
listen I don’t mean just look at the
listen I don’t mean just look at the mainstream news sources I mean go beyond
mainstream news sources I mean go beyond
mainstream news sources I mean go beyond that and really hunt for information
that and really hunt for information
that and really hunt for information hunt for knowledge read journal articles
hunt for knowledge read journal articles
hunt for knowledge read journal articles and magazines read you know books by
and magazines read you know books by
and magazines read you know books by people who know what situation really is
people who know what situation really is
people who know what situation really is like listen to podcasts or any number of
like listen to podcasts or any number of
like listen to podcasts or any number of podcasts and radio shows that unpick
podcasts and radio shows that unpick
podcasts and radio shows that unpick current affairs and look at different
current affairs and look at different
current affairs and look at different time mate watch documentaries are even
time mate watch documentaries are even
time mate watch documentaries are even technology they’re all the fantastic
technology they’re all the fantastic
technology they’re all the fantastic ways to really challenge the way you
ways to really challenge the way you
ways to really challenge the way you think the finally the perhaps most
think the finally the perhaps most
think the finally the perhaps most importantly ask questions the important
importantly ask questions the important
importantly ask questions the important thing is not some questioning now quite
thing is not some questioning now quite
thing is not some questioning now quite asking a question is not a sign of
asking a question is not a sign of
asking a question is not a sign of weakness it’s not a sign of ignorance if
weakness it’s not a sign of ignorance if
weakness it’s not a sign of ignorance if I ask you a question is the best way to
I ask you a question is the best way to
I ask you a question is the best way to make sure that you are well informed
make sure that you are well informed
make sure that you are well informed it’s the best way to actually using the
it’s the best way to actually using the
it’s the best way to actually using the information that is available to you
information that is available to you
information that is available to you effectively it’s the best way to make
effectively it’s the best way to make
effectively it’s the best way to make sure that the opinions you hold the
sure that the opinions you hold the
sure that the opinions you hold the opinions that you spread in the world
opinions that you spread in the world
opinions that you spread in the world are truly your own
”
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