chris percassi
what is the fried potato
no christopher kas and a new one
technology to change the DNA it has
heard already talk about DNA modification
scientists rewrite the genome of the
fruit midge and when it’s okay
it’s just the fruit fly
introduced the new soy gene
modified corn between crops is right
just GMOs genetically
modified
so we can already do what we are doing
talking where is the novelty of chris for
cast chris for cash has in itself the
promise of a revolution one
revolution that respects it is
has been named innovation of the year
2015 from the scientific science magazine
a revolution such that two giants
American university students have given themselves
very bitter legal battles up to
literally two days ago for the
Intellectual property
a revolution such that scientists
that are yes of visionaries but above all
of chronic skeptics for deformation
professionals have been overwhelmed by one
crisis, that is, a wave of intense
enthusiasm
where is the disruptive power of crisis
for cas lies in the fact that a technology
simple fast and cheap
the three keys to great success
so how does casper cass work?
It works a bit like a kit of cuts and
sew to rewrite the DNA first
fundamental component and cas 9 one
protein specifically the enzyme that
cut the DNA case, so they are not there
our molecular scissors these scissors
they must however be brought to the point
DNA right to be cut
think that the human genome at 3 billion
of basics and how to say that it is a manual of
3 billion character instruction e
our molecular scissors cas 9
they have to find the right piece of DNA on it
three billion characters
and it does so using a string of suns
20 in the collars of only 20 characters
walk through the stretch and billions
precise point to cut
they are numbers that seem important but
I do not know how much they tell us then we think
at an Olympic pool full of
colored golf balls and let’s imagine
of wanting to find the golf ball of the
color that we want in the middle of
this pool is a fair business
Now imagine the 1,200 pools
olympic holds of colored balls
all different
chris ter cas will succeed in the enterprise of
find the colored ball of color
that you want as you do and here is the
difference compared to technologies
previous chris percassi uses a
rna guide what is a kidney to guide what it is
a kidney a le reindles a is a molecule
very similar to the DNA that has the property
to pair with the sequence DNA
therefore complement the guided networks
find the DNA of complementary sequence
portal icas 9 and ii la cut will take place
edit this blog and cas 9 the heir to
guide hooked to case 9 and in red
now the sequence of 20 will appear
characters that will appear to the DNA from
to cut
what happens we have our kit cuts
and sew cas 9 and kidney to guide this
molecular complex or kit from the sewings
scan the ark of lugo wide in DNA
hooks to the recognition of the gods
reindeer to the DNA you have seen that mess
they had only the double helix of the DNA
like I was a zipper
perfect recognition jacket zac le
molecular scissors cut the
double helix of DNA the double strand
if now we wanted to change e
sequences of DNA to be cut in sequence
gene to change what we should do
it is very simple we will simply have to
change the sequence of reindeer driving
that an operation
at the limit of the trivial and simple from
draw and then also materially
very simple to get from
synthesize produce large quantities
so much so that a guideline is cheap
tens of euro shipping included
and this is already a godsend for
we researchers because it has shortened us
the times of the experiments from several
months to a few weeks we did the
cut and who light there are various
mechanisms that the cell will use
to patch the DNA this part in fact
we do the cell to the
mechanism that most interests us from
application point of view
clinics and therefore of therapies
on man is a mechanism that we could
define the dna dna patch this patch
It can be provided by us from the outside
the alarm is activated because there are
these two strands of floating DNA
I am the kore but very serious thing about the
panic alarm red cell arrives the
DNA that we supply from the outside
that you see and sticky on the sides e
complement the alien sequence ha
cut but in the middle there is a sequence
of DNA that we want as we want it
we designed by us for example is the
sequence of a healthy gene put in place
of a sick gene that we cut
with chris per cast previously
so see what we have done we have
rewrote the DNA in the right place where
we wanted us
at this point the scientists in all
the world is at work in a manner
feverish to optimize this system
is looking for other systems that you are for
cash improving what is already there
they are trying to make it even more
precise or even to improve a first one
essential passage
in fact, if you think about this package
modifying cas 9 rna molecular scissors
guide and aneae in some way
they must enter the cell and maybe
not in all the cells of the organism
but only those of the brain e
only to those of the liver only
those of the heart or only to the cells
art and not in those rooms and how it is done
this first passage is called
delivery ie delivery is not a
exclusive problem of chris percassi is
a necessary passage for all types
of gene modification and indeed deliberi is
a process studied for decades for
example for gene therapy one of the
pioneers of delivery is an Italian
luigi naldini who works at the institute
telethon of san raffaele di milano with
his collaborators and students
what did these scientists have
used for material delivery
genetic cell another
gadget that goes handled with big
cure ie the virus of the cremo thing
they did these scientists have
taken the HIV virus and have it
completely emptied of his
pathogenic potential of his
possibility of generating the disease e
what they did with this new virus
of completely safe design have it
filled with the genetic material that
it serves for example to take care of the fairs of
childish tarì obtaining, among other things, a
stratospheric success and therefore us
we can imagine filling this up
Renewed virus of the TV or whatever
other virus with characteristics
slightly different
with our package cuts cast holes
9 molecular scissors and relia guide and DNA
package patch delivered by free
accepted as you see the cast there
from a huge power that is the power of
to be able to modify almost any one
living organism with application like
we mentioned therapeutic but
also with relapses for example in the field
industrial agro practically any
what we get on the way
biotechnology can be improved
through the use of flash for cass
for example from the yogurt we eat
morning among other things that it detaches to
these origins went so in homes
area up to the vitamins we take
after the yogurt we ate the
morning
production of drugs such as insulin
for the people you have or the
production of enzymes to make in the
white market with this huge
but power is also enormous
responsibility of course there are anxieties
fears doubts worries aside
of the public opinion that I am
above all focused on
possibility of changing embryos
because because by changing the embryos
it does not change only the individual from whom
it will be born that it will be born of that embryo
but yes this change is also
transmissible to the progeny so yes
they modify in this individual one of his
sons and daughters of sons and daughters
we said that chris ter cas and a lot
precise but not infallible and therefore
in addition to the mutation we have
introduced intentionally we would end up for
introduce also other mutations not
intentional and we do not know what they are
the long-term effects of these
mutations on the health of
that individual and on the health of his
sons sons sons sons of gods
loyalists
what does it mean that we should not
change the embryos we should
banned a priori my opinion no
and it is not only my opinion but also of
a well-nourished community because in
some cases chris hit the edit
of the embryo through chris by chance
or any other gin editing technique
and the only possibility and we must
see it as an opportunity that
join and brewers and in my opinion
sometimes it is worth running
risks if the benefit is very grateful
let me, however, dispel the myth and a
genetics what is meant by genetics lo
read in the newspapers if you do not have it
already done that is the possibility of
change physical characteristics a bit
superfluous I know how the color of the hair
of the eyes of the skin the intelligence
physical strength and science fiction
because one because many genes
they control each of these
features and two
we know what they are at the moment therefore
today, talking about eugenics is like
we can talk about unicorns
for a pastime but maybe we should
concentrate on talking about other topics
because there are so many more
pressing and more realistic
obviously this debate in my opinion
it should involve the whole society
if you think about each of you is a
financier of science through the
taxes that you pay then what the
science tastings regards how the users
and as a proxy I want to leave you with
with one last reflection for
participate consciously
constructive debate must be
informed and in this particular case
we must know how to choose the sources well
from which we draw our own
information scientists researchers
they are not primitutes solitary wolves
preachers hermits geniuses misunderstood
so we must try to
select well from whom we take the
our information and do
otherwise crisis for cass
will remain a potato chip thanks
one thousand
[Applause]
”
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