[Applause] so last year an international team of
so last year an international team of
so last year an international team of scientists working with the lack of
scientists working with the lack of
scientists working with the lack of scientific collaboration an experiment
scientific collaboration an experiment
scientific collaboration an experiment designed to detect gravitational waves
designed to detect gravitational waves
designed to detect gravitational waves coming from deep space just announced
coming from deep space just announced
coming from deep space just announced that they had made an amazing discovery
that they had made an amazing discovery
that they had made an amazing discovery they had discovered gravitational wave
they had discovered gravitational wave
they had discovered gravitational wave coming from the collisions of two black
coming from the collisions of two black
coming from the collisions of two black holes happening in the division in dark
holes happening in the division in dark
holes happening in the division in dark universe more than a billion light-years
universe more than a billion light-years
universe more than a billion light-years away from us now this was a really
away from us now this was a really
away from us now this was a really astonishing discovery one that changed
astonishing discovery one that changed
astonishing discovery one that changed the face of science forever one that is
the face of science forever one that is
the face of science forever one that is a huge leap forward for the entire
a huge leap forward for the entire
a huge leap forward for the entire humanity it did confirm that indeed
humanity it did confirm that indeed
humanity it did confirm that indeed black holes exist and they can’t orbit
black holes exist and they can’t orbit
black holes exist and they can’t orbit around each other and produce
around each other and produce
around each other and produce gravitational waves in the actual video
gravitational waves in the actual video
gravitational waves in the actual video that you see here we have two black
that you see here we have two black
that you see here we have two black holes orbiting dragging the space and
holes orbiting dragging the space and
holes orbiting dragging the space and time around each other and in the
time around each other and in the
time around each other and in the process of dragging the space and time
process of dragging the space and time
process of dragging the space and time they do to create waves in the fabric of
they do to create waves in the fabric of
they do to create waves in the fabric of the space-time itself these waves do
the space-time itself these waves do
the space-time itself these waves do product it at the speed of light to
product it at the speed of light to
product it at the speed of light to earth and they do and that’s what like
earth and they do and that’s what like
earth and they do and that’s what like or detected so now for the purpose of
or detected so now for the purpose of
or detected so now for the purpose of this visualization the two black holes
this visualization the two black holes
this visualization the two black holes are orbiting at a speed that you can
are orbiting at a speed that you can
are orbiting at a speed that you can actually your eyes can catch but in
actually your eyes can catch but in
actually your eyes can catch but in reality during this collision the black
reality during this collision the black
reality during this collision the black holes are actually orbiting and nearly
holes are actually orbiting and nearly
holes are actually orbiting and nearly half the speed of light and when they do
half the speed of light and when they do
half the speed of light and when they do crash into each other they cause this
crash into each other they cause this
crash into each other they cause this violent birds of waves this waves is so
violent birds of waves this waves is so
violent birds of waves this waves is so powerful that it kind of shine all stars
powerful that it kind of shine all stars
powerful that it kind of shine all stars in the universe in just a fraction of a
in the universe in just a fraction of a
in the universe in just a fraction of a second
this is an important discovery because I
this is an important discovery because I stan had predicted that our space and
stan had predicted that our space and
stan had predicted that our space and time indeed could curl and that massive
time indeed could curl and that massive
time indeed could curl and that massive objects would create the ripples in
objects would create the ripples in
objects would create the ripples in space-time that are indeed gravitational
space-time that are indeed gravitational
space-time that are indeed gravitational waves that you see here so the effect of
waves that you see here so the effect of
waves that you see here so the effect of the gravitational waves is to actually
the gravitational waves is to actually
the gravitational waves is to actually stretch and compress stretch and
stretch and compress stretch and
stretch and compress stretch and compress the space and time so
compress the space and time so
compress the space and time so everything here lives in the space-time
everything here lives in the space-time
everything here lives in the space-time including yourself right now nothing can
including yourself right now nothing can
including yourself right now nothing can escape really space-time so when a
escape really space-time so when a
escape really space-time so when a gravitational waves pass by to you it
gravitational waves pass by to you it
gravitational waves pass by to you it will stretch and compress you did you
will stretch and compress you did you
will stretch and compress you did you feel it did you fill this well in
feel it did you fill this well in
feel it did you fill this well in reality you see that the effect that you
reality you see that the effect that you
reality you see that the effect that you see here on earth is really being
see here on earth is really being
see here on earth is really being exaggerated so the fact is so tiny that
exaggerated so the fact is so tiny that
exaggerated so the fact is so tiny that you need very complex science and very
you need very complex science and very
you need very complex science and very careful experiments to detect this
careful experiments to detect this
careful experiments to detect this effect in reality it did requires more
effect in reality it did requires more
effect in reality it did requires more than a thousand scientists working
than a thousand scientists working
than a thousand scientists working together to assemble this experiment
together to assemble this experiment
together to assemble this experiment which is the laser interferometer
which is the laser interferometer
which is the laser interferometer gravitational-wave Observatory or in
gravitational-wave Observatory or in
gravitational-wave Observatory or in short like the laser interferometer
short like the laser interferometer
short like the laser interferometer gravitational-wave Observatory that you
gravitational-wave Observatory that you
gravitational-wave Observatory that you see here there are actually two
see here there are actually two
see here there are actually two detectors one is in the state of
detectors one is in the state of
detectors one is in the state of Louisiana in Livingston and the other
Louisiana in Livingston and the other
Louisiana in Livingston and the other one in the state of Washington in ham
one in the state of Washington in ham
one in the state of Washington in ham pork as you can see these detectors have
pork as you can see these detectors have
pork as you can see these detectors have a particular shape they have an L shape
a particular shape they have an L shape
a particular shape they have an L shape and the reasons because gravitational
and the reasons because gravitational
and the reasons because gravitational ways they do stretch and compress trash
ways they do stretch and compress trash
ways they do stretch and compress trash and compress so the design of the
and compress so the design of the
and compress so the design of the rotation with the
rotation with the
rotation with the ters have been has been made to exactly
ters have been has been made to exactly
ters have been has been made to exactly to detect this effect except that this
to detect this effect except that this
to detect this effect except that this effect is so tiny that the technology
effect is so tiny that the technology
effect is so tiny that the technology that scientists and engineers had to
that scientists and engineers had to
that scientists and engineers had to build in this detector is amazing in
build in this detector is amazing in
build in this detector is amazing in fact what Lila can measure is so tiny
fact what Lila can measure is so tiny
fact what Lila can measure is so tiny that is smaller than the width of a
that is smaller than the width of a
that is smaller than the width of a proton it is actually one 10,000 of the
proton it is actually one 10,000 of the
proton it is actually one 10,000 of the widow the protein so now in the next
widow the protein so now in the next
widow the protein so now in the next week video will actually zoom in in a
week video will actually zoom in in a
week video will actually zoom in in a nitrogen atom and go down several orders
nitrogen atom and go down several orders
nitrogen atom and go down several orders of magnitude up to the tiny change that
of magnitude up to the tiny change that
of magnitude up to the tiny change that like a hot detective this is truly
like a hot detective this is truly
like a hot detective this is truly amazing in fact Lego if the most
amazing in fact Lego if the most
amazing in fact Lego if the most accurate physical experiment ever been
accurate physical experiment ever been
accurate physical experiment ever been devised in humankind if this doesn’t
devised in humankind if this doesn’t
devised in humankind if this doesn’t impress you let me tell you that this is
impress you let me tell you that this is
impress you let me tell you that this is equivalent to measuring the distance to
equivalent to measuring the distance to
equivalent to measuring the distance to the nearest star which is Proxima
the nearest star which is Proxima
the nearest star which is Proxima Centauri which is 4.3 light-years away
Centauri which is 4.3 light-years away
Centauri which is 4.3 light-years away from us to the precision of 10 microns
from us to the precision of 10 microns
from us to the precision of 10 microns and that is the size of a human hair
know what to tell you a little bit more
know what to tell you a little bit more what I do in my own research and I am an
what I do in my own research and I am an
what I do in my own research and I am an astrophysicist and I do actually work in
astrophysicist and I do actually work in
astrophysicist and I do actually work in colliding black holes but I do not
colliding black holes but I do not
colliding black holes but I do not observe them I do actually solve the
observe them I do actually solve the
observe them I do actually solve the engines equations to predict what
engines equations to predict what
engines equations to predict what happens when these black holes collide
happens when these black holes collide
happens when these black holes collide now Newton’s equation you see they are
now Newton’s equation you see they are
now Newton’s equation you see they are very complicated equations although
very complicated equations although
very complicated equations although Einstein wrote them in a very compact
Einstein wrote them in a very compact
Einstein wrote them in a very compact form in reality they are so complex they
form in reality they are so complex they
form in reality they are so complex they do include hundreds of terms so we do
do include hundreds of terms so we do
do include hundreds of terms so we do require the use of supercomputers to
require the use of supercomputers to
require the use of supercomputers to solve them
solve them
solve them we cannot solve them in a pen pencil and
we cannot solve them in a pen pencil and
we cannot solve them in a pen pencil and paper it did requires also a number of
paper it did requires also a number of
paper it did requires also a number of scientists working together trying to
scientists working together trying to
scientists working together trying to succeed in solving these equations it
succeed in solving these equations it
succeed in solving these equations it has been more than four decades that the
has been more than four decades that the
has been more than four decades that the science community have been trying to
science community have been trying to
science community have been trying to solve these equations and until two
solve these equations and until two
solve these equations and until two thousand five we didn’t know how to tell
thousand five we didn’t know how to tell
thousand five we didn’t know how to tell a supercomputer how to deal with a black
a supercomputer how to deal with a black
a supercomputer how to deal with a black hole that change it then when three
hole that change it then when three
hole that change it then when three groups independently solve this problem
groups independently solve this problem
groups independently solve this problem and then like I detected gravitational
and then like I detected gravitational
and then like I detected gravitational waves on binary black hole this is
waves on binary black hole this is
waves on binary black hole this is actually a figure taken from the first
actually a figure taken from the first
actually a figure taken from the first scientific publication of the discovery
scientific publication of the discovery
scientific publication of the discovery the lego made in the first room you see
the lego made in the first room you see
the lego made in the first room you see actually the form of the gravitational
actually the form of the gravitational
actually the form of the gravitational ways that lie detector these are the
ways that lie detector these are the
ways that lie detector these are the real data that enter it into the
real data that enter it into the
real data that enter it into the detectors so you see the one that was
detectors so you see the one that was
detectors so you see the one that was taken in comfort and the one in
taken in comfort and the one in
taken in comfort and the one in Louisiana they do much they were two
Louisiana they do much they were two
Louisiana they do much they were two independent detectors and they both saw
independent detectors and they both saw
independent detectors and they both saw the same senior and that is tracking by
the same senior and that is tracking by
the same senior and that is tracking by itself the second row is that show the
itself the second row is that show the
itself the second row is that show the actual numerical simulation of the same
actual numerical simulation of the same
actual numerical simulation of the same binary black hole the LIGO detected and
binary black hole the LIGO detected and
binary black hole the LIGO detected and the models builds are that’s American
the models builds are that’s American
the models builds are that’s American simulation now if you take the wave form
simulation now if you take the wave form
simulation now if you take the wave form that is in the second row and you
that is in the second row and you
that is in the second row and you subtract it from the data you obtain
subtract it from the data you obtain
subtract it from the data you obtain just pure noise so this is amazing when
just pure noise so this is amazing when
just pure noise so this is amazing when I force first Saudis it was a very
I force first Saudis it was a very
I force first Saudis it was a very emotional moment for me today scientists
emotional moment for me today scientists
emotional moment for me today scientists computational physicists like myself we
computational physicists like myself we
computational physicists like myself we are working in producing many more
are working in producing many more
are working in producing many more models of these waveforms
models of these waveforms
models of these waveforms now you can see here that we have like a
now you can see here that we have like a
now you can see here that we have like a huge table they actually many more than
huge table they actually many more than
huge table they actually many more than this a huge table of waveforms and they
this a huge table of waveforms and they
this a huge table of waveforms and they all different they all look different
all different they all look different
all different they all look different they have different shape different
they have different shape different
they have different shape different lengths and that is because the way for
lengths and that is because the way for
lengths and that is because the way for the wave forms that represent a
the wave forms that represent a
the wave forms that represent a gravitational waves do change depending
gravitational waves do change depending
gravitational waves do change depending on the masses of the black holes and how
on the masses of the black holes and how
on the masses of the black holes and how fast they are rotating so we can extract
fast they are rotating so we can extract
fast they are rotating so we can extract a lot of information by knowing the
a lot of information by knowing the
a lot of information by knowing the exact form of the gravitational wave by
exact form of the gravitational wave by
exact form of the gravitational wave by solving the unstressed equation and
solving the unstressed equation and
solving the unstressed equation and predicting exactly what like I should
predicting exactly what like I should
predicting exactly what like I should observe now in the future we are hoping
observe now in the future we are hoping
observe now in the future we are hoping to build better and more sensitive
to build better and more sensitive
to build better and more sensitive detectors we would like to detect other
detectors we would like to detect other
detectors we would like to detect other sources than black hole colliding black
sources than black hole colliding black
sources than black hole colliding black holes for example there are other type
holes for example there are other type
holes for example there are other type of sources that generate rotation ways
of sources that generate rotation ways
of sources that generate rotation ways the collisions of two neutron stars or
the collisions of two neutron stars or
the collisions of two neutron stars or violent explosions of stars or spinning
violent explosions of stars or spinning
violent explosions of stars or spinning neutron stars or the Big Bang itself
neutron stars or the Big Bang itself
neutron stars or the Big Bang itself cause rotational ways but we need more
cause rotational ways but we need more
cause rotational ways but we need more sensitive detectors to detect those ways
sensitive detectors to detect those ways
sensitive detectors to detect those ways and in the future we would like to go to
and in the future we would like to go to
and in the future we would like to go to space because then we can measure the
space because then we can measure the
space because then we can measure the gravitational waves that have longer
gravitational waves that have longer
gravitational waves that have longer periods than the ones that Lyle was able
periods than the ones that Lyle was able
periods than the ones that Lyle was able to detect and those would be the
to detect and those would be the
to detect and those would be the rotational ways coming from for example
rotational ways coming from for example
rotational ways coming from for example the collisions of supermassive black
the collisions of supermassive black
the collisions of supermassive black holes that lurks at the Centers of
holes that lurks at the Centers of
holes that lurks at the Centers of galaxies those black holes waiting more
galaxies those black holes waiting more
galaxies those black holes waiting more than a million to billions solar masses
than a million to billions solar masses
than a million to billions solar masses and because the history of the galaxies
and because the history of the galaxies
and because the history of the galaxies are very linked to the actual history of
are very linked to the actual history of
are very linked to the actual history of the black holes in their Center we can
the black holes in their Center we can
the black holes in their Center we can learn a lot about what’s happening
learn a lot about what’s happening
learn a lot about what’s happening in the universe this way so we have just
in the universe this way so we have just
in the universe this way so we have just unleashed a new era of gravitational
unleashed a new era of gravitational
unleashed a new era of gravitational wave astronomy and this is because
wave astronomy and this is because
wave astronomy and this is because private ational ways are totally
private ational ways are totally
private ational ways are totally different from what they are a different
different from what they are a different
different from what they are a different type of messenger coming to us from the
type of messenger coming to us from the
type of messenger coming to us from the universe and it is extremely exciting
universe and it is extremely exciting
universe and it is extremely exciting now for anyone studying the universe
now for anyone studying the universe
now for anyone studying the universe jumping into this field so stay tuned
jumping into this field so stay tuned
jumping into this field so stay tuned for more discovery interrupt new
for more discovery interrupt new
for more discovery interrupt new surprises thank you
surprises thank you
surprises thank you [Applause]
”
Be First to Comment