in 2005 the year of Katrina the National Hurricane Center exhausted its preseason
Hurricane Center exhausted its preseason
Hurricane Center exhausted its preseason list of 21 names for Atlantic storms
list of 21 names for Atlantic storms
list of 21 names for Atlantic storms this rise in frequency and intensity
this rise in frequency and intensity
this rise in frequency and intensity sparked international fears that a super
sparked international fears that a super
sparked international fears that a super cycle of hurricanes will soon strike
cycle of hurricanes will soon strike
cycle of hurricanes will soon strike another major city this time in
another major city this time in
another major city this time in unexpected places
unexpected places
unexpected places further of the coast so scientists but
further of the coast so scientists but
further of the coast so scientists but dr. Henry grissino-mayor were given a
dr. Henry grissino-mayor were given a
dr. Henry grissino-mayor were given a challenge to find evidence of ancient
challenge to find evidence of ancient
challenge to find evidence of ancient hurricanes reveal their cycles and see
hurricanes reveal their cycles and see
hurricanes reveal their cycles and see if they resemble the pattern that
if they resemble the pattern that
if they resemble the pattern that threatens us today so now what we’re
threatens us today so now what we’re
threatens us today so now what we’re using here the tree-ring record is to
using here the tree-ring record is to
using here the tree-ring record is to learn about past hurricanes by actually
learn about past hurricanes by actually
learn about past hurricanes by actually picking a part of the tree rings on a
picking a part of the tree rings on a
picking a part of the tree rings on a much finer finer scale to learn about
much finer finer scale to learn about
much finer finer scale to learn about past hurricanes knowing for the 20th
past hurricanes knowing for the 20th
past hurricanes knowing for the 20th century but for many centuries
much like forensic scientists we
much like forensic scientists we actually use patterns in the tree rings
actually use patterns in the tree rings
actually use patterns in the tree rings just like fingerprint patterns we use
just like fingerprint patterns we use
just like fingerprint patterns we use the patterns and the tree rings from the
the patterns and the tree rings from the
the patterns and the tree rings from the living trees and we overlap that pattern
living trees and we overlap that pattern
living trees and we overlap that pattern with the pattern of tree rings from the
with the pattern of tree rings from the
with the pattern of tree rings from the dead trees and that’s how we’re able to
dead trees and that’s how we’re able to
dead trees and that’s how we’re able to assign years to the tree rings from
assign years to the tree rings from
assign years to the tree rings from these dead and downed pieces of wood it
these dead and downed pieces of wood it
these dead and downed pieces of wood it starts with grissino-mayor x’ favorite
starts with grissino-mayor x’ favorite
starts with grissino-mayor x’ favorite the longleaf pine a native tree that
the longleaf pine a native tree that
the longleaf pine a native tree that once made up the lush coastal forests of
once made up the lush coastal forests of
once made up the lush coastal forests of the Carolinas until the demand for Ship
the Carolinas until the demand for Ship
the Carolinas until the demand for Ship masts and turpentine decimated their
masts and turpentine decimated their
masts and turpentine decimated their numbers
numbers
numbers this tree is hurricane proof and
this tree is hurricane proof and
this tree is hurricane proof and outlives many of its neighbors it’s wide
outlives many of its neighbors it’s wide
outlives many of its neighbors it’s wide route Matt quickly draws up water which
route Matt quickly draws up water which
route Matt quickly draws up water which it incorporates into its growth layer
it incorporates into its growth layer
it incorporates into its growth layer manufacturing cellulose in the process
manufacturing cellulose in the process
manufacturing cellulose in the process the composition of the oxygen in the
the composition of the oxygen in the
the composition of the oxygen in the water that makes up hurricane rainfall
water that makes up hurricane rainfall
water that makes up hurricane rainfall is distinct so they essentially are
is distinct so they essentially are
is distinct so they essentially are drinking hurricane juice if you will and
drinking hurricane juice if you will and
drinking hurricane juice if you will and incorporating the water from the
incorporating the water from the
incorporating the water from the hurricane the oxygen in the water from
hurricane the oxygen in the water from
hurricane the oxygen in the water from the hurricane is used when the tree
the hurricane is used when the tree
the hurricane is used when the tree makes cellulose within that cellulose
makes cellulose within that cellulose
makes cellulose within that cellulose lies the hurricane signature in the form
lies the hurricane signature in the form
lies the hurricane signature in the form of oxygen isotopes a chemical signature
of oxygen isotopes a chemical signature
of oxygen isotopes a chemical signature grissino-mayor is looking for Claudia
grissino-mayor is looking for Claudia
grissino-mayor is looking for Claudia more emerges disciplines with
more emerges disciplines with
more emerges disciplines with grissino-mayor to get at the hurricane
grissino-mayor to get at the hurricane
grissino-mayor to get at the hurricane story embedded in the wood
story embedded in the wood
story embedded in the wood working on the lakewood here and what
working on the lakewood here and what
working on the lakewood here and what we’re
we’re
we’re so we’re just trying to find that
so we’re just trying to find that
so we’re just trying to find that cellulose that’s being made from the
cellulose that’s being made from the
cellulose that’s being made from the water drawn up and retains that
water drawn up and retains that
water drawn up and retains that hurricane signal because oxygen is in
hurricane signal because oxygen is in
hurricane signal because oxygen is in just about everything it’s it’s really
just about everything it’s it’s really
just about everything it’s it’s really just a tool for a clever chemist to use
just a tool for a clever chemist to use
just a tool for a clever chemist to use grissino-mayor shaves a catalog ring
grissino-mayor shaves a catalog ring
grissino-mayor shaves a catalog ring Maura chemically extracts the cellulose
Maura chemically extracts the cellulose
Maura chemically extracts the cellulose packing it into a tiny ball she fires it
packing it into a tiny ball she fires it
packing it into a tiny ball she fires it through a mass spectrometer it separates
through a mass spectrometer it separates
through a mass spectrometer it separates two distinct types of oxygen isotope one
two distinct types of oxygen isotope one
two distinct types of oxygen isotope one weighing more than the other atomic
weighing more than the other atomic
weighing more than the other atomic weights of 16 and 18
weights of 16 and 18
weights of 16 and 18 the composition of lighter and heavier
the composition of lighter and heavier
the composition of lighter and heavier isotopes in hurricane rainfall differs
isotopes in hurricane rainfall differs
isotopes in hurricane rainfall differs from normal precipitation a hurricane
from normal precipitation a hurricane
from normal precipitation a hurricane relies repeated condensation for energy
relies repeated condensation for energy
relies repeated condensation for energy water vapor rises condenses and forms a
water vapor rises condenses and forms a
water vapor rises condenses and forms a cloud drop this droplet falls as rain
cloud drop this droplet falls as rain
cloud drop this droplet falls as rain and it takes with it more of the heavier
and it takes with it more of the heavier
and it takes with it more of the heavier isotope it leaves behind more of the
isotope it leaves behind more of the
isotope it leaves behind more of the lighter isotopes which still circulate
lighter isotopes which still circulate
lighter isotopes which still circulate in a vapour state if you take a rain
in a vapour state if you take a rain
in a vapour state if you take a rain cloud and you wring it a little bit
cloud and you wring it a little bit
cloud and you wring it a little bit there goes some of the of the
there goes some of the of the
there goes some of the of the precipitation get most of the eights a
precipitation get most of the eights a
precipitation get most of the eights a lot of the 18o Falls that you bring it a
lot of the 18o Falls that you bring it a
lot of the 18o Falls that you bring it a little bit more but you still get more
little bit more but you still get more
little bit more but you still get more 18 out than 16 but the amount the
18 out than 16 but the amount the
18 out than 16 but the amount the relative amount has changed a little bit
relative amount has changed a little bit
relative amount has changed a little bit there’s just not as much 1800 left the
there’s just not as much 1800 left the
there’s just not as much 1800 left the time I hit salon it’s very different
time I hit salon it’s very different
time I hit salon it’s very different than normal precipitation after a year
than normal precipitation after a year
than normal precipitation after a year and a half processing and recording
and a half processing and recording
and a half processing and recording centuries of tree rings the day we
centuries of tree rings the day we
centuries of tree rings the day we figured out that it worked it was well
figured out that it worked it was well
figured out that it worked it was well it was Miller time a season-by-season
it was Miller time a season-by-season
it was Miller time a season-by-season record of hurricane cycles that date
record of hurricane cycles that date
record of hurricane cycles that date back for centuries reveals ancient
back for centuries reveals ancient
back for centuries reveals ancient on-again off-again patterns it confirms
on-again off-again patterns it confirms
on-again off-again patterns it confirms that our current active cycle may not be
that our current active cycle may not be
that our current active cycle may not be an anomaly the East has been battered
an anomaly the East has been battered
an anomaly the East has been battered again and again by hurricane cycles that
again and again by hurricane cycles that
again and again by hurricane cycles that may have lasted decades at a time
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