so I I never really had a passion for computers this may sound funny coming
computers this may sound funny coming
computers this may sound funny coming from somebody was a computer science
from somebody was a computer science
from somebody was a computer science professor for almost thirty years but
professor for almost thirty years but
professor for almost thirty years but it’s true at some point in my life my
it’s true at some point in my life my
it’s true at some point in my life my parents decided that I should get a
parents decided that I should get a
parents decided that I should get a university education so I had them sign
university education so I had them sign
university education so I had them sign me up for computer science which I
me up for computer science which I
me up for computer science which I figured would be useful and honestly the
figured would be useful and honestly the
figured would be useful and honestly the first year I didn’t pay too much
first year I didn’t pay too much
first year I didn’t pay too much attention but then it grew on me and
attention but then it grew on me and
attention but then it grew on me and when at some point I discovered
when at some point I discovered
when at some point I discovered artificial intelligence or AI I got
artificial intelligence or AI I got
artificial intelligence or AI I got hooked I still am hooked and it’s not so
hooked I still am hooked and it’s not so
hooked I still am hooked and it’s not so much because of self-driving cars or
much because of self-driving cars or
much because of self-driving cars or personal digital assistants even though
personal digital assistants even though
personal digital assistants even though they’re terribly important I want to
they’re terribly important I want to
they’re terribly important I want to start by asking you six questions about
start by asking you six questions about
start by asking you six questions about what you think computers could do
what you think computers could do
what you think computers could do specifically I want you to tell me
specifically I want you to tell me
specifically I want you to tell me whether in your opinion computers could
whether in your opinion computers could
whether in your opinion computers could think understand be creative have
think understand be creative have
think understand be creative have feelings have free will and be conscious
feelings have free will and be conscious
feelings have free will and be conscious I’m not talking about today’s laptops or
I’m not talking about today’s laptops or
I’m not talking about today’s laptops or even the giant computer clusters of
even the giant computer clusters of
even the giant computer clusters of Google I’m speaking about computers in
Google I’m speaking about computers in
Google I’m speaking about computers in principle how they might be in 50 or 500
principle how they might be in 50 or 500
principle how they might be in 50 or 500 years imagine that you had to vote on
years imagine that you had to vote on
years imagine that you had to vote on these questions you had to answer yes or
these questions you had to answer yes or
these questions you had to answer yes or no you couldn’t abstain you couldn’t
no you couldn’t abstain you couldn’t
no you couldn’t abstain you couldn’t hedge and say well depends what you mean
hedge and say well depends what you mean
hedge and say well depends what you mean how would you vote let’s do an
how would you vote let’s do an
how would you vote let’s do an experiment
experiment
experiment I’m going to ask you about whether
I’m going to ask you about whether
I’m going to ask you about whether computers can think and you have to vote
computers can think and you have to vote
computers can think and you have to vote yes or no who’s a yes raise your hand
thank you who’s a No
thank you who’s a No raise your hand thank you about 75% of
raise your hand thank you about 75% of
raise your hand thank you about 75% of you think yes and a lot of you didn’t
you think yes and a lot of you didn’t
you think yes and a lot of you didn’t raise your hand and I’ve got your names
raise your hand and I’ve got your names
raise your hand and I’ve got your names let’s do another experiment um who
let’s do another experiment um who
let’s do another experiment um who thinks and you have to vote that
thinks and you have to vote that
thinks and you have to vote that computers could in principle have
computers could in principle have
computers could in principle have freewill if you were a yes raise your
freewill if you were a yes raise your
freewill if you were a yes raise your hand thank you
hand thank you
hand thank you all the knows raise your hand all right
all the knows raise your hand all right
all the knows raise your hand all right now I would say about 5% of you think
now I would say about 5% of you think
now I would say about 5% of you think computers could have free
computers could have free
computers could have free we’ll these are six questions that they
we’ll these are six questions that they
we’ll these are six questions that they used to ask at my class at Stanford for
used to ask at my class at Stanford for
used to ask at my class at Stanford for many years and I’d asked it twice at the
many years and I’d asked it twice at the
many years and I’d asked it twice at the beginning of the course and at the end
beginning of the course and at the end
beginning of the course and at the end and what invariably happened was that
and what invariably happened was that
and what invariably happened was that after we had discussed various aspects
after we had discussed various aspects
after we had discussed various aspects of artificial intelligence or AI and
of artificial intelligence or AI and
of artificial intelligence or AI and what it meant to compute the phrase of
what it meant to compute the phrase of
what it meant to compute the phrase of course computers can’t tended to
course computers can’t tended to
course computers can’t tended to disappear people were less sure of
disappear people were less sure of
disappear people were less sure of themselves and the vote at the end of
themselves and the vote at the end of
themselves and the vote at the end of the course was much more favorable to
the course was much more favorable to
the course was much more favorable to computers now in 15 minutes I don’t
computers now in 15 minutes I don’t
computers now in 15 minutes I don’t think we’ll achieve quite a
think we’ll achieve quite a
think we’ll achieve quite a transformation but I do hope we walk
transformation but I do hope we walk
transformation but I do hope we walk away with a new perspective and it’s not
away with a new perspective and it’s not
away with a new perspective and it’s not only a perspective about computers it’s
only a perspective about computers it’s
only a perspective about computers it’s also impressed mainly a perspective
also impressed mainly a perspective
also impressed mainly a perspective about ourselves as you know AI is the
about ourselves as you know AI is the
about ourselves as you know AI is the science and technology of getting
science and technology of getting
science and technology of getting computers to do smart things that we
computers to do smart things that we
computers to do smart things that we usually associate with people things
usually associate with people things
usually associate with people things like playing chess or speaking in
like playing chess or speaking in
like playing chess or speaking in English or diagnosing a disease telling
English or diagnosing a disease telling
English or diagnosing a disease telling a joke what do we know about AI in early
a joke what do we know about AI in early
a joke what do we know about AI in early 2017 first of all we know that everybody
2017 first of all we know that everybody
2017 first of all we know that everybody speaking about it from the New York
speaking about it from the New York
speaking about it from the New York Times from the White House to Dilbert we
Times from the White House to Dilbert we
Times from the White House to Dilbert we also know that AI is hugely successful
also know that AI is hugely successful
also know that AI is hugely successful especially in an era called machine
especially in an era called machine
especially in an era called machine learning computers can recognize cats
learning computers can recognize cats
learning computers can recognize cats and faces they can drive cars they can
and faces they can drive cars they can
and faces they can drive cars they can play recreational games extremely well
play recreational games extremely well
play recreational games extremely well beating world champions
beating world champions
beating world champions we know that industry is betting heavily
we know that industry is betting heavily
we know that industry is betting heavily on AI we also know that people are
on AI we also know that people are
on AI we also know that people are worried and there two kinds of worry the
worried and there two kinds of worry the
worried and there two kinds of worry the first kind is about negative
first kind is about negative
first kind is about negative implications of AI on society mostly
implications of AI on society mostly
implications of AI on society mostly unintended implications if cars can
unintended implications if cars can
unintended implications if cars can drive themselves does that mean that
drive themselves does that mean that
drive themselves does that mean that thousands of drivers will lose their
thousands of drivers will lose their
thousands of drivers will lose their jobs will biases that exist in say job
jobs will biases that exist in say job
jobs will biases that exist in say job interviews or loan applications get
interviews or loan applications get
interviews or loan applications get amplified by algorithms or robotic
amplified by algorithms or robotic
amplified by algorithms or robotic soldiers behave unethically in the
soldiers behave unethically in the
soldiers behave unethically in the battlefield
battlefield
battlefield these are very legitimate concerns and
these are very legitimate concerns and
these are very legitimate concerns and they deserve our attention as is the
they deserve our attention as is the
they deserve our attention as is the case with any disruptive technology we
case with any disruptive technology we
case with any disruptive technology we must ensure fair and ethical
must ensure fair and ethical
must ensure fair and ethical applications of AI and I think we can
applications of AI and I think we can
applications of AI and I think we can but the second kind of worry is deeper
but the second kind of worry is deeper
but the second kind of worry is deeper it’s visceral it’s existential it’s the
it’s visceral it’s existential it’s the
it’s visceral it’s existential it’s the worry that we people won’t be that
worry that we people won’t be that
worry that we people won’t be that special anymore that Westworld got it
special anymore that Westworld got it
special anymore that Westworld got it right we won’t be able to tell that
right we won’t be able to tell that
right we won’t be able to tell that people from the machines there’s a
people from the machines there’s a
people from the machines there’s a worst-case version of the worry in which
worst-case version of the worry in which
worst-case version of the worry in which the machines take over and replace us as
the machines take over and replace us as
the machines take over and replace us as the dominant species you’ve seen the
the dominant species you’ve seen the
the dominant species you’ve seen the salaat in science fiction and also in
salaat in science fiction and also in
salaat in science fiction and also in recent popular books you know the
recent popular books you know the
recent popular books you know the narrative you know we humans are made
narrative you know we humans are made
narrative you know we humans are made our contribution to evolution thank you
our contribution to evolution thank you
our contribution to evolution thank you very much but our service is no longer
very much but our service is no longer
very much but our service is no longer needed
needed
needed but even ignoring this evolutionary
but even ignoring this evolutionary
but even ignoring this evolutionary threat which by the way I think is
threat which by the way I think is
threat which by the way I think is overblown the question remains is there
overblown the question remains is there
overblown the question remains is there something that separates us from
something that separates us from
something that separates us from machines I’m going to answer this in two
machines I’m going to answer this in two
machines I’m going to answer this in two steps first I’ll scare the hell out of
steps first I’ll scare the hell out of
steps first I’ll scare the hell out of you
you
you and then I’ll not only calm you down but
and then I’ll not only calm you down but
and then I’ll not only calm you down but hopefully even excite you about the
hopefully even excite you about the
hopefully even excite you about the future
future
future so first the scary part and I’ll say it
so first the scary part and I’ll say it
so first the scary part and I’ll say it right now I believe that computers will
right now I believe that computers will
right now I believe that computers will exist exhibit most if not all of the
exist exhibit most if not all of the
exist exhibit most if not all of the traits that we view as uniquely human
traits that we view as uniquely human
traits that we view as uniquely human and yes that includes thinking and
and yes that includes thinking and
and yes that includes thinking and understanding and freewill and all the
understanding and freewill and all the
understanding and freewill and all the rest I’m not alone in thinking this most
rest I’m not alone in thinking this most
rest I’m not alone in thinking this most computer scientists I know tend to think
computer scientists I know tend to think
computer scientists I know tend to think this way it includes for example Alan
this way it includes for example Alan
this way it includes for example Alan Turing perhaps the most brilliant
Turing perhaps the most brilliant
Turing perhaps the most brilliant computer science of all times among
computer science of all times among
computer science of all times among other things
other things
other things Turing invented what we today call the
Turing invented what we today call the
Turing invented what we today call the Turing test which is a practical test of
Turing test which is a practical test of
Turing test which is a practical test of whether computer is intelligent and
whether computer is intelligent and
whether computer is intelligent and Turing thoughts already in 1950 that
Turing thoughts already in 1950 that
Turing thoughts already in 1950 that there was no reason computers could not
there was no reason computers could not
there was no reason computers could not and it includes John McCarthy the father
and it includes John McCarthy the father
and it includes John McCarthy the father of AI who coined the term in the 1950s
of AI who coined the term in the 1950s
of AI who coined the term in the 1950s now something this isn’t real thinking
now something this isn’t real thinking
now something this isn’t real thinking or understanding the thing is I’ve yet
or understanding the thing is I’ve yet
or understanding the thing is I’ve yet to see a single good argument perhaps
to see a single good argument perhaps
to see a single good argument perhaps the best argument I’ve seen was given by
the best argument I’ve seen was given by
the best argument I’ve seen was given by Ada Lovelace what makes her argument
Ada Lovelace what makes her argument
Ada Lovelace what makes her argument striking by the way is that
striking by the way is that
striking by the way is that in 1842 a century before Turing she was
in 1842 a century before Turing she was
in 1842 a century before Turing she was a very talented writer mathematician
a very talented writer mathematician
a very talented writer mathematician society woman she happened to be also
society woman she happened to be also
society woman she happened to be also the daughter of Lord Byron and she’s
the daughter of Lord Byron and she’s
the daughter of Lord Byron and she’s best known today for her work with
best known today for her work with
best known today for her work with Charles Babbage Babbage was a also a
Charles Babbage Babbage was a also a
Charles Babbage Babbage was a also a mathematician and he invented the first
mathematician and he invented the first
mathematician and he invented the first general-purpose computer although I
general-purpose computer although I
general-purpose computer although I never built it called the analytical
never built it called the analytical
never built it called the analytical engine he notes that lovely wrote about
engine he notes that lovely wrote about
engine he notes that lovely wrote about the analytical engine she included what
the analytical engine she included what
the analytical engine she included what many considered to be the first computer
many considered to be the first computer
many considered to be the first computer program in the world and even more
program in the world and even more
program in the world and even more remarkably she speculated about what
remarkably she speculated about what
remarkably she speculated about what today we would call artificial
today we would call artificial
today we would call artificial intelligence specifically she argued
intelligence specifically she argued
intelligence specifically she argued against the possibility of the computer
against the possibility of the computer
against the possibility of the computer being creative let’s see what she said
very sensible the computer just follows
very sensible the computer just follows instructions it has no original thought
instructions it has no original thought
instructions it has no original thought think about that this is 1842 a century
think about that this is 1842 a century
think about that this is 1842 a century before the first electronic computer
before the first electronic computer
before the first electronic computer it’s mind-blowing its mind-blowing but
it’s mind-blowing its mind-blowing but
it’s mind-blowing its mind-blowing but it’s also flawed in two ways first while
it’s also flawed in two ways first while
it’s also flawed in two ways first while Lovelace ISM insight into computing was
Lovelace ISM insight into computing was
Lovelace ISM insight into computing was astounding for her time by today’s
astounding for her time by today’s
astounding for her time by today’s standards this naive today AI is not
standards this naive today AI is not
standards this naive today AI is not characterized by handcrafted logical
characterized by handcrafted logical
characterized by handcrafted logical rules but by machine learning operating
rules but by machine learning operating
rules but by machine learning operating on machines a million times more
on machines a million times more
on machines a million times more powerful than she could imagine giving
powerful than she could imagine giving
powerful than she could imagine giving rise to programs that no human could
rise to programs that no human could
rise to programs that no human could have explicitly coded or even
have explicitly coded or even
have explicitly coded or even anticipated whether these are programs
anticipated whether these are programs
anticipated whether these are programs that beat a world champion of the game
that beat a world champion of the game
that beat a world champion of the game of Go or paint fantastical paintings the
of Go or paint fantastical paintings the
of Go or paint fantastical paintings the second flaw is even more basic notice
second flaw is even more basic notice
second flaw is even more basic notice let’s look again at what she wrote
let’s look again at what she wrote
let’s look again at what she wrote notice that she doesn’t give an argument
notice that she doesn’t give an argument
notice that she doesn’t give an argument she dresses her belief and appeals to
she dresses her belief and appeals to
she dresses her belief and appeals to our intuition and that is the case with
our intuition and that is the case with
our intuition and that is the case with all the arguments that followed the OL
all the arguments that followed the OL
all the arguments that followed the OL point boiled down to the idea of command
point boiled down to the idea of command
point boiled down to the idea of command this is ridiculous it just seems obvious
this is ridiculous it just seems obvious
this is ridiculous it just seems obvious to the critics
to the critics
to the critics that the computer can never really
that the computer can never really
that the computer can never really understand or think or what have you it
understand or think or what have you it
understand or think or what have you it can only mimic it superficially really
can only mimic it superficially really
can only mimic it superficially really and how would you know the real thing if
and how would you know the real thing if
and how would you know the real thing if you saw it it reminds me of one of the
you saw it it reminds me of one of the
you saw it it reminds me of one of the stories of the Wiseman of helm that
stories of the Wiseman of helm that
stories of the Wiseman of helm that fictional group are very silly people
fictional group are very silly people
fictional group are very silly people from Eastern European Jewish folklore in
from Eastern European Jewish folklore in
from Eastern European Jewish folklore in this story the man gets up in the
this story the man gets up in the
this story the man gets up in the morning and says goodbye to his wife and
morning and says goodbye to his wife and
morning and says goodbye to his wife and kids and sets out from the small town of
kids and sets out from the small town of
kids and sets out from the small town of helm to the big town city of Warsaw and
helm to the big town city of Warsaw and
helm to the big town city of Warsaw and along the way gets lost through some
along the way gets lost through some
along the way gets lost through some funny circumstances and ends back in
funny circumstances and ends back in
funny circumstances and ends back in hell but thinking arrived in Warsaw and
hell but thinking arrived in Warsaw and
hell but thinking arrived in Warsaw and he’s struck by its resemblance to his
he’s struck by its resemblance to his
he’s struck by its resemblance to his hometown there’s a street just like his
hometown there’s a street just like his
hometown there’s a street just like his and a house very much like he’s an
and a house very much like he’s an
and a house very much like he’s an amazingly a family so much like his own
amazingly a family so much like his own
amazingly a family so much like his own family nice people they invite him in
family nice people they invite him in
family nice people they invite him in they feed him and he wants when he wants
they feed him and he wants when he wants
they feed him and he wants when he wants to leave they won’t let him so we spent
to leave they won’t let him so we spent
to leave they won’t let him so we spent the recipe line is life with these
the recipe line is life with these
the recipe line is life with these wonderful people and is always homesick
wonderful people and is always homesick
wonderful people and is always homesick and that is how it is with the sceptics
and that is how it is with the sceptics
and that is how it is with the sceptics of AI it doesn’t matter if the computer
of AI it doesn’t matter if the computer
of AI it doesn’t matter if the computer works like a duck and talks like a DAC
works like a duck and talks like a DAC
works like a duck and talks like a DAC for them somehow the real thing is
for them somehow the real thing is
for them somehow the real thing is mysteriously different now am I saying
mysteriously different now am I saying
mysteriously different now am I saying that I know for a fact that a computer
that I know for a fact that a computer
that I know for a fact that a computer will exhibit the full range of human
will exhibit the full range of human
will exhibit the full range of human mental activity no I’m quite sure about
mental activity no I’m quite sure about
mental activity no I’m quite sure about thinking and understanding if you just
thinking and understanding if you just
thinking and understanding if you just look at even today’s programs that
look at even today’s programs that
look at even today’s programs that diagnose diseases better than doctors
diagnose diseases better than doctors
diagnose diseases better than doctors that approve loan applications much more
that approve loan applications much more
that approve loan applications much more reasonably than humans that grade
reasonably than humans that grade
reasonably than humans that grade homework online and so on how good must
homework online and so on how good must
homework online and so on how good must they be before you concede that they
they be before you concede that they
they be before you concede that they understand what they’re talking about it
understand what they’re talking about it
understand what they’re talking about it may not be exactly our understanding but
may not be exactly our understanding but
may not be exactly our understanding but we don’t say that an airplane can’t fly
we don’t say that an airplane can’t fly
we don’t say that an airplane can’t fly just because it doesn’t fly like a bird
just because it doesn’t fly like a bird
just because it doesn’t fly like a bird and I’m also quite sure about creativity
and I’m also quite sure about creativity
and I’m also quite sure about creativity and it’s not only because of that
and it’s not only because of that
and it’s not only because of that painting we saw earlier on a recent
painting we saw earlier on a recent
painting we saw earlier on a recent version of Google Translate the program
version of Google Translate the program
version of Google Translate the program that translates between languages like
that translates between languages like
that translates between languages like English and French invented or on its
English and French invented or on its
English and French invented or on its own and internal language to help with
own and internal language to help with
own and internal language to help with this translation it surprised everyone
this translation it surprised everyone
this translation it surprised everyone not the least the people who wrote the
not the least the people who wrote the
not the least the people who wrote the program
program
program and I’m told that expert go programs
and I’m told that expert go programs
and I’m told that expert go programs were in awe of the originality of the
were in awe of the originality of the
were in awe of the originality of the alphago program so much so that they
alphago program so much so that they
alphago program so much so that they named one of the moves after the program
named one of the moves after the program
named one of the moves after the program so I’m a YES on thinking understanding
so I’m a YES on thinking understanding
so I’m a YES on thinking understanding creativity I tend to think that the same
creativity I tend to think that the same
creativity I tend to think that the same is true of things like feelings and
is true of things like feelings and
is true of things like feelings and freewill and consciousness although I’m
freewill and consciousness although I’m
freewill and consciousness although I’m not yet ready to argue it these are more
not yet ready to argue it these are more
not yet ready to argue it these are more subtle notions certainly some have
subtle notions certainly some have
subtle notions certainly some have argued like the late John McCarthy who I
argued like the late John McCarthy who I
argued like the late John McCarthy who I mentioned earlier on I myself think that
mentioned earlier on I myself think that
mentioned earlier on I myself think that the jury is still out but I wouldn’t bet
the jury is still out but I wouldn’t bet
the jury is still out but I wouldn’t bet against the machine so this is scary
against the machine so this is scary
against the machine so this is scary computers can think understand be
computers can think understand be
computers can think understand be creative and maybe even have feelings
creative and maybe even have feelings
creative and maybe even have feelings and free will and be conscious that mean
and free will and be conscious that mean
and free will and be conscious that mean that we’re nothing but glorified laptops
that we’re nothing but glorified laptops
that we’re nothing but glorified laptops perhaps to be replaced by a newer and
perhaps to be replaced by a newer and
perhaps to be replaced by a newer and better model it doesn’t feel very good
better model it doesn’t feel very good
better model it doesn’t feel very good and so natural to reject an idea because
and so natural to reject an idea because
and so natural to reject an idea because it scares us but fear is a very poor
it scares us but fear is a very poor
it scares us but fear is a very poor guide and this is where the story gets
guide and this is where the story gets
guide and this is where the story gets happy again if you just shift
happy again if you just shift
happy again if you just shift perspective you see not a threat but a
perspective you see not a threat but a
perspective you see not a threat but a very exciting opportunity you see that
very exciting opportunity you see that
very exciting opportunity you see that it’s not about the answers it’s about
it’s not about the answers it’s about
it’s not about the answers it’s about the questions and it’s not about
the questions and it’s not about
the questions and it’s not about computers versus humans then versus us
computers versus humans then versus us
computers versus humans then versus us it’s not even about them at all it’s
it’s not even about them at all it’s
it’s not even about them at all it’s really about us and that’s for two
really about us and that’s for two
really about us and that’s for two reasons first computers already now
reasons first computers already now
reasons first computers already now extend our cognitive skills but they
extend our cognitive skills but they
extend our cognitive skills but they tend to be physically separate and made
tend to be physically separate and made
tend to be physically separate and made of metal but that’ll change our nervous
of metal but that’ll change our nervous
of metal but that’ll change our nervous system will connect wirelessly to giant
system will connect wirelessly to giant
system will connect wirelessly to giant data centers and our blood streams will
data centers and our blood streams will
data centers and our blood streams will carry thousands of nano computers
carry thousands of nano computers
carry thousands of nano computers fighting diseases so it’ll be less clear
fighting diseases so it’ll be less clear
fighting diseases so it’ll be less clear where we end in the computer begins but
where we end in the computer begins but
where we end in the computer begins but even more basically we just don’t
even more basically we just don’t
even more basically we just don’t understand these notions take free will
understand these notions take free will
understand these notions take free will I’m sure that when you bear you voted
I’m sure that when you bear you voted
I’m sure that when you bear you voted earlier on on on free will you were
earlier on on on free will you were
earlier on on on free will you were asking yourself well what is it and what
asking yourself well what is it and what
asking yourself well what is it and what does it mean for me to have free will
does it mean for me to have free will
does it mean for me to have free will that’s certainly what the students in my
that’s certainly what the students in my
that’s certainly what the students in my class asked and they quickly concluded
class asked and they quickly concluded
class asked and they quickly concluded that we don’t know certainly a ton has
that we don’t know certainly a ton has
that we don’t know certainly a ton has been written about it I recently spoke
been written about it I recently spoke
been written about it I recently spoke with a very smart friend of mine a
with a very smart friend of mine a
with a very smart friend of mine a technologist who happen to be religious
technologist who happen to be religious
technologist who happen to be religious and I asked him about the famous quote
and I asked him about the famous quote
and I asked him about the famous quote of Rabbi Akiva I called Sephora Bella
of Rabbi Akiva I called Sephora Bella
of Rabbi Akiva I called Sephora Bella shoot mucuna all he’s foreseen and free
shoot mucuna all he’s foreseen and free
shoot mucuna all he’s foreseen and free will is granted I asked him whether he
will is granted I asked him whether he
will is granted I asked him whether he needed in his opinion it resolved the
needed in his opinion it resolved the
needed in his opinion it resolved the obvious tension between divine
obvious tension between divine
obvious tension between divine omniscience and free will he admitted
omniscience and free will he admitted
omniscience and free will he admitted that probably not although later he sent
that probably not although later he sent
that probably not although later he sent me some writing by his rabbi on it
me some writing by his rabbi on it
me some writing by his rabbi on it philosophers of course had done battle
philosophers of course had done battle
philosophers of course had done battle with free will for a long time for
with free will for a long time for
with free will for a long time for example there’s a wonderful story by the
example there’s a wonderful story by the
example there’s a wonderful story by the philosopher and logician raiments
philosopher and logician raiments
philosopher and logician raiments mullion the story is not really this is
mullion the story is not really this is
mullion the story is not really this is not Dumbledore this is mullion although
not Dumbledore this is mullion although
not Dumbledore this is mullion although it’s true the smullin was also a
it’s true the smullin was also a
it’s true the smullin was also a magician the story is called is God a
magician the story is called is God a
magician the story is called is God a Taoists and the moral of the story is
Taoists and the moral of the story is
Taoists and the moral of the story is that it makes no logical sense for a
that it makes no logical sense for a
that it makes no logical sense for a person to not want to have free will
person to not want to have free will
person to not want to have free will think about it’s fascinating perhaps my
think about it’s fascinating perhaps my
think about it’s fascinating perhaps my favorite quote on free will comes from
favorite quote on free will comes from
favorite quote on free will comes from literature from Isaac to share the
literature from Isaac to share the
literature from Isaac to share the zingers Nobel Prize speech where we said
zingers Nobel Prize speech where we said
zingers Nobel Prize speech where we said we have to believe in free will we have
we have to believe in free will we have
we have to believe in free will we have no choice what all these quotes have in
no choice what all these quotes have in
no choice what all these quotes have in common is that they’re clever they’re
common is that they’re clever they’re
common is that they’re clever they’re thought-provoking they’re entertaining
thought-provoking they’re entertaining
thought-provoking they’re entertaining they don’t tell us what free will is and
they don’t tell us what free will is and
they don’t tell us what free will is and we’re in no better shape when it comes
we’re in no better shape when it comes
we’re in no better shape when it comes to consciousness and perhaps only
to consciousness and perhaps only
to consciousness and perhaps only marginally better when it comes to
marginally better when it comes to
marginally better when it comes to feelings so it’s not that we don’t
feelings so it’s not that we don’t
feelings so it’s not that we don’t understand computers we don’t understand
understand computers we don’t understand
understand computers we don’t understand ourselves and this to me is where it
ourselves and this to me is where it
ourselves and this to me is where it gets exciting
gets exciting
gets exciting you see AI in addition to its practical
you see AI in addition to its practical
you see AI in addition to its practical contributions is propelling us towards
contributions is propelling us towards
contributions is propelling us towards the ultimate intellectual frontier
the ultimate intellectual frontier
the ultimate intellectual frontier understanding our minds our souls
understanding our minds our souls
understanding our minds our souls ourselves because at the end what do we
ourselves because at the end what do we
ourselves because at the end what do we care about we certainly care about not
care about we certainly care about not
care about we certainly care about not dying of cold and hunger and not being
dying of cold and hunger and not being
dying of cold and hunger and not being eaten by predators and that’s also true
eaten by predators and that’s also true
eaten by predators and that’s also true of lizards we want to love and be loved
of lizards we want to love and be loved
of lizards we want to love and be loved and that’s true of my dog and then what
and that’s true of my dog and then what
and that’s true of my dog and then what we have the sense that is more to our
we have the sense that is more to our
we have the sense that is more to our life than survival and companionship we
life than survival and companionship we
life than survival and companionship we don’t end the day and we say I wasn’t
don’t end the day and we say I wasn’t
don’t end the day and we say I wasn’t eaten by a lion that was a good day we
eaten by a lion that was a good day we
eaten by a lion that was a good day we look back at the day we look back in our
look back at the day we look back in our
look back at the day we look back in our life and we take satisfaction in what
life and we take satisfaction in what
life and we take satisfaction in what you
you
you in what we’ve learned on how we acted on
in what we’ve learned on how we acted on
in what we’ve learned on how we acted on the impact we had on others are the nice
the impact we had on others are the nice
the impact we had on others are the nice things people said about us but for that
things people said about us but for that
things people said about us but for that to make sense we have to think of
to make sense we have to think of
to make sense we have to think of ourselves as creatures with thoughts and
ourselves as creatures with thoughts and
ourselves as creatures with thoughts and beliefs and feelings aware of ourselves
beliefs and feelings aware of ourselves
beliefs and feelings aware of ourselves and of each other
and of each other
and of each other able to take our actions freely so to
able to take our actions freely so to
able to take our actions freely so to understand ourselves we need to
understand ourselves we need to
understand ourselves we need to understand these things
understand these things
understand these things we have various tools for this we have
we have various tools for this we have
we have various tools for this we have neuroscience and yes we have philosophy
neuroscience and yes we have philosophy
neuroscience and yes we have philosophy of the rest but AI is giving us the
of the rest but AI is giving us the
of the rest but AI is giving us the really interesting new lens through
really interesting new lens through
really interesting new lens through which to think about these issues the
which to think about these issues the
which to think about these issues the question about whether the question of
question about whether the question of
question about whether the question of whether machines can embody these
whether machines can embody these
whether machines can embody these notions and we should ask this question
notions and we should ask this question
notions and we should ask this question boldly perhaps we’ll find that essential
boldly perhaps we’ll find that essential
boldly perhaps we’ll find that essential nugget that separates us from machines
nugget that separates us from machines
nugget that separates us from machines and certainly the contrast with machines
and certainly the contrast with machines
and certainly the contrast with machines will tell us something about ourselves
will tell us something about ourselves
will tell us something about ourselves perhaps we won’t find that nugget that
perhaps we won’t find that nugget that
perhaps we won’t find that nugget that will also tell us something about
will also tell us something about
will also tell us something about ourselves and it won’t demean us either
ourselves and it won’t demean us either
ourselves and it won’t demean us either our sense of self-worth shouldn’t depend
our sense of self-worth shouldn’t depend
our sense of self-worth shouldn’t depend on putting down the machine in both
on putting down the machine in both
on putting down the machine in both cases we learn something about ourselves
cases we learn something about ourselves
cases we learn something about ourselves and as the great philosopher Martha
and as the great philosopher Martha
and as the great philosopher Martha Stewart said that’s a good thing before
Stewart said that’s a good thing before
Stewart said that’s a good thing before I end I have a request please all go to
I end I have a request please all go to
I end I have a request please all go to the website could computers o RG and
the website could computers o RG and
the website could computers o RG and vote on these six questions this goes to
vote on these six questions this goes to
vote on these six questions this goes to everyone here in the audience or
everyone here in the audience or
everyone here in the audience or watching it live elsewhere or recording
watching it live elsewhere or recording
watching it live elsewhere or recording later on please go ahead and vote and
later on please go ahead and vote and
later on please go ahead and vote and you can vote many times perhaps you’ll
you can vote many times perhaps you’ll
you can vote many times perhaps you’ll read something interesting the New York
read something interesting the New York
read something interesting the New York Times or a la ohm maybe you’ll have a
Times or a la ohm maybe you’ll have a
Times or a la ohm maybe you’ll have a conversation with your yoga instructor
conversation with your yoga instructor
conversation with your yoga instructor maybe you’ll hear an interesting TED
maybe you’ll hear an interesting TED
maybe you’ll hear an interesting TED talk by all means go ahead and revote by
talk by all means go ahead and revote by
talk by all means go ahead and revote by the way they should have allowed that
the way they should have allowed that
the way they should have allowed that for brexit but that’s a different story
for brexit but that’s a different story
for brexit but that’s a different story we will collect these votes and see how
we will collect these votes and see how
we will collect these votes and see how as a society we feel about these issues
as a society we feel about these issues
as a society we feel about these issues and how that evolved over time and let’s
and how that evolved over time and let’s
and how that evolved over time and let’s not only vote let’s start a conversation
not only vote let’s start a conversation
not only vote let’s start a conversation about it and if we’re lucky we will have
about it and if we’re lucky we will have
about it and if we’re lucky we will have a better understanding
a better understanding
a better understanding not only of computers and of AI but also
not only of computers and of AI but also
not only of computers and of AI but also of what it means to be a human being
of what it means to be a human being
of what it means to be a human being thank
”
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