are you a good driver if you think you’re a good driver please raise your
you’re a good driver please raise your
you’re a good driver please raise your hand
hand
hand Wow whoo I have you all been while I was
Wow whoo I have you all been while I was
Wow whoo I have you all been while I was driving no no keep your hands up keep
driving no no keep your hands up keep
driving no no keep your hands up keep your hands up
your hands up
your hands up now if you ever touched yourself on
now if you ever touched yourself on
now if you ever touched yourself on while driving even just to look at a
while driving even just to look at a
while driving even just to look at a time for a brief moment please lower
time for a brief moment please lower
time for a brief moment please lower your hand so perhaps we should all
your hand so perhaps we should all
your hand so perhaps we should all reconsider our first answer maybe you’re
reconsider our first answer maybe you’re
reconsider our first answer maybe you’re not as good as a driver as you would
not as good as a driver as you would
not as good as a driver as you would like to think how comfortable are you
like to think how comfortable are you
like to think how comfortable are you with putting your life in the hands of a
with putting your life in the hands of a
with putting your life in the hands of a total stranger when they get behind the
total stranger when they get behind the
total stranger when they get behind the wheel actually it doesn’t really matter
wheel actually it doesn’t really matter
wheel actually it doesn’t really matter because you’re already doing it every
because you’re already doing it every
because you’re already doing it every single day on your way here today you
single day on your way here today you
single day on your way here today you put your life in the hands of many other
put your life in the hands of many other
put your life in the hands of many other drivers you don’t know who might have
drivers you don’t know who might have
drivers you don’t know who might have been texting reading emails or falling
been texting reading emails or falling
been texting reading emails or falling asleep but do we have a choice I believe
asleep but do we have a choice I believe
asleep but do we have a choice I believe we do and I’m not the only one in fact
we do and I’m not the only one in fact
we do and I’m not the only one in fact today we’re witnessing one of the
today we’re witnessing one of the
today we’re witnessing one of the biggest technological arms races in
biggest technological arms races in
biggest technological arms races in history
history
history a race thirds autonomous cars so what is
a race thirds autonomous cars so what is
a race thirds autonomous cars so what is an autonomous car dance very simple it’s
an autonomous car dance very simple it’s
an autonomous car dance very simple it’s complicated but if I had to think of an
complicated but if I had to think of an
complicated but if I had to think of an easy definition I would say that
easy definition I would say that
easy definition I would say that autonomous cars our cars to take you
autonomous cars our cars to take you
autonomous cars our cars to take you from point A to B without any
from point A to B without any
from point A to B without any intervention of a human driver most of
intervention of a human driver most of
intervention of a human driver most of these cars will have three things and
these cars will have three things and
these cars will have three things and commerce things they will rely on sensor
commerce things they will rely on sensor
commerce things they will rely on sensor and cameras that will allow them to
and cameras that will allow them to
and cameras that will allow them to communicate with other cars as well as
communicate with other cars as well as
communicate with other cars as well as the surrounding
the surrounding
the surrounding as you see externally they could look
as you see externally they could look
as you see externally they could look very similar to the cars we have today
very similar to the cars we have today
very similar to the cars we have today maybe – this term win under pedals and
maybe – this term win under pedals and
maybe – this term win under pedals and most of these cars will be electric cars
most of these cars will be electric cars
most of these cars will be electric cars just immerse the world largest car
just immerse the world largest car
just immerse the world largest car manufactures technological giants and
manufactures technological giants and
manufactures technological giants and even governments are already investing
even governments are already investing
even governments are already investing in this race all of them building
in this race all of them building
in this race all of them building financial legal and technological
financial legal and technological
financial legal and technological structures to support this race this arm
structures to support this race this arm
structures to support this race this arm race is already changing our lives
but will we change them for the better
but will we change them for the better or worse join me for a ride toward
or worse join me for a ride toward
or worse join me for a ride toward autonomous cars and I’ll show you things
autonomous cars and I’ll show you things
autonomous cars and I’ll show you things then no one has told you about these
then no one has told you about these
then no one has told you about these cars from the first moment I started law
cars from the first moment I started law
cars from the first moment I started law school I was looking for that extra
school I was looking for that extra
school I was looking for that extra thing something that adds value to the
thing something that adds value to the
thing something that adds value to the bigger picture something beyond legal
bigger picture something beyond legal
bigger picture something beyond legal frameworks and that’s what led me to
frameworks and that’s what led me to
frameworks and that’s what led me to research autonomous cars in my third
research autonomous cars in my third
research autonomous cars in my third year I wanted to understand the
year I wanted to understand the
year I wanted to understand the implication of this new technology the
implication of this new technology the
implication of this new technology the advantages and the risks because when it
advantages and the risks because when it
advantages and the risks because when it comes to autonomous cars it’s not just
comes to autonomous cars it’s not just
comes to autonomous cars it’s not just about designing technology it’s about
about designing technology it’s about
about designing technology it’s about designing reality you see this is why my
designing reality you see this is why my
designing reality you see this is why my team and I decided to research the field
team and I decided to research the field
team and I decided to research the field of autonomous cars from a different
of autonomous cars from a different
of autonomous cars from a different point of view while most people write
point of view while most people write
point of view while most people write only about technological aspects or only
only about technological aspects or only
only about technological aspects or only examine ethical challenges we combined
examine ethical challenges we combined
examine ethical challenges we combined all those issues and more in one unified
all those issues and more in one unified
all those issues and more in one unified book we dedicated our days of night term
book we dedicated our days of night term
book we dedicated our days of night term research talking with government
research talking with government
research talking with government officials academic researchers and
officials academic researchers and
officials academic researchers and global experts from the technological
global experts from the technological
global experts from the technological legal and automotive companies we even
legal and automotive companies we even
legal and automotive companies we even became some kind of authority in this
became some kind of authority in this
became some kind of authority in this field in such a way the numerous
field in such a way the numerous
field in such a way the numerous stakeholders ask and seek for our legal
stakeholders ask and seek for our legal
stakeholders ask and seek for our legal opinion and asking for the book my team
opinion and asking for the book my team
opinion and asking for the book my team and I wrote today were in the final
and I wrote today were in the final
and I wrote today were in the final stages of completing this book which
stages of completing this book which
stages of completing this book which will serve as a foundation for Israel’s
will serve as a foundation for Israel’s
will serve as a foundation for Israel’s first bill regarding autonomous cars
so what is when we talk about autonomous
so what is when we talk about autonomous car it’s not just about commuting it’s
car it’s not just about commuting it’s
car it’s not just about commuting it’s about communication it’s not about
about communication it’s not about
about communication it’s not about engines of cars
engines of cars
engines of cars it’s about engines of growth and it’s
it’s about engines of growth and it’s
it’s about engines of growth and it’s not about horsepower it’s about
not about horsepower it’s about
not about horsepower it’s about empowering people our cards are going to
empowering people our cards are going to
empowering people our cards are going to communicate with other cars and even
communicate with other cars and even
communicate with other cars and even with their environment by really growth
with their environment by really growth
with their environment by really growth signage and using advanced wireless
signage and using advanced wireless
signage and using advanced wireless technology they will adapt to weather
technology they will adapt to weather
technology they will adapt to weather condition and even stop automatically if
condition and even stop automatically if
condition and even stop automatically if something jumps in front of their path
something jumps in front of their path
something jumps in front of their path so now you can give your full attention
so now you can give your full attention
so now you can give your full attention to something much more important than
to something much more important than
to something much more important than your commute human communication and
your commute human communication and
your commute human communication and there is more as this technology will
there is more as this technology will
there is more as this technology will grow into the industry more job will
grow into the industry more job will
grow into the industry more job will emerge second we can work while we drive
emerge second we can work while we drive
emerge second we can work while we drive so just think about how much more
so just think about how much more
so just think about how much more productive we can be and third shipping
productive we can be and third shipping
productive we can be and third shipping companies such as DHL and FedEx can
companies such as DHL and FedEx can
companies such as DHL and FedEx can reduce costs by having a whole fleet of
reduce costs by having a whole fleet of
reduce costs by having a whole fleet of driverless cars and by the way
driverless cars and by the way
driverless cars and by the way forget about wasting time looking for
forget about wasting time looking for
forget about wasting time looking for parking just tell the car drop me off at
parking just tell the car drop me off at
parking just tell the car drop me off at TEDx Tel Aviv and go find parking
TEDx Tel Aviv and go find parking
TEDx Tel Aviv and go find parking imagine how much time you would save
imagine how much time you would save
imagine how much time you would save right amazing but with cars that drive
right amazing but with cars that drive
right amazing but with cars that drive themselves makes people more powerful or
themselves makes people more powerful or
themselves makes people more powerful or less powerful although it seems like our
less powerful although it seems like our
less powerful although it seems like our human power is been taken away and we
human power is been taken away and we
human power is been taken away and we are losing power we are actually being
are losing power we are actually being
are losing power we are actually being empowered have a look at my grandparents
empowered have a look at my grandparents
empowered have a look at my grandparents that unfortunately are not with us
that unfortunately are not with us
that unfortunately are not with us anymore
anymore
anymore my grandfather stopped in a green light
my grandfather stopped in a green light
my grandfather stopped in a green light never kept in his lane and drove
never kept in his lane and drove
never kept in his lane and drove extremely slowly
extremely slowly
extremely slowly we drove me crazy my grandmother in her
we drove me crazy my grandmother in her
we drove me crazy my grandmother in her last year couldn’t drive anymore so all
last year couldn’t drive anymore so all
last year couldn’t drive anymore so all the drivers in the family Lynden about
the drivers in the family Lynden about
the drivers in the family Lynden about my little sister she got a vib service
my little sister she got a vib service
my little sister she got a vib service from mom and dad’s taxi and parents in
from mom and dad’s taxi and parents in
from mom and dad’s taxi and parents in the audience you know exactly what I’m
the audience you know exactly what I’m
the audience you know exactly what I’m talking
talking
talking you see my family is not different from
you see my family is not different from
you see my family is not different from your family my family represents the
your family my family represents the
your family my family represents the risky drivers those who cannot drive the
risky drivers those who cannot drive the
risky drivers those who cannot drive the disabled and those poor parents that
disabled and those poor parents that
disabled and those poor parents that wasted a lot of time running around with
wasted a lot of time running around with
wasted a lot of time running around with autonomous cars all these challenges
autonomous cars all these challenges
autonomous cars all these challenges will vanish any human can reach any
will vanish any human can reach any
will vanish any human can reach any destination he desires and to me that is
destination he desires and to me that is
destination he desires and to me that is very empowering but we’re not just
very empowering but we’re not just
very empowering but we’re not just talking about empowering people’s lives
talking about empowering people’s lives
talking about empowering people’s lives this technology is saving our lives this
this technology is saving our lives this
this technology is saving our lives this is the number of people that lost their
is the number of people that lost their
is the number of people that lost their lives as a result of car accident around
lives as a result of car accident around
lives as a result of car accident around the world in just one year that’s more
the world in just one year that’s more
the world in just one year that’s more than 103 thousand per month and more
than 103 thousand per month and more
than 103 thousand per month and more than 3,400 daily that means the by the
than 3,400 daily that means the by the
than 3,400 daily that means the by the time I will finish this talk 28 more
time I will finish this talk 28 more
time I will finish this talk 28 more people will die on our roads but imagine
people will die on our roads but imagine
people will die on our roads but imagine we can reduce this number by 90%
we can reduce this number by 90%
we can reduce this number by 90% recent studies shows that we are looking
recent studies shows that we are looking
recent studies shows that we are looking at 90% reduction in road fatalities
at 90% reduction in road fatalities
at 90% reduction in road fatalities thanks to the advanced automatic systems
thanks to the advanced automatic systems
thanks to the advanced automatic systems of autonomous cars so I guess these
of autonomous cars so I guess these
of autonomous cars so I guess these technological arm race is changing our
technological arm race is changing our
technological arm race is changing our lives for the better but autonomous cars
lives for the better but autonomous cars
lives for the better but autonomous cars will also introduce many new challenges
will also introduce many new challenges
will also introduce many new challenges and ethical dilemmas that are not easy
and ethical dilemmas that are not easy
and ethical dilemmas that are not easy to help and overcome let’s say it 7:00
to help and overcome let’s say it 7:00
to help and overcome let’s say it 7:00 p.m. you’re after a long date work you
p.m. you’re after a long date work you
p.m. you’re after a long date work you get into your car and drive home
get into your car and drive home
get into your car and drive home suddenly a ball bounces on the road in
suddenly a ball bounces on the road in
suddenly a ball bounces on the road in front of you followed by a young girl
front of you followed by a young girl
front of you followed by a young girl who doesn’t see your car you have a
who doesn’t see your car you have a
who doesn’t see your car you have a split second to make a decision that
split second to make a decision that
split second to make a decision that would change the rest of your life you
would change the rest of your life you
would change the rest of your life you have several options none of them good
have several options none of them good
have several options none of them good you can either swerve to the left
you can either swerve to the left
you can either swerve to the left crash into a wall swept to the right and
crash into a wall swept to the right and
crash into a wall swept to the right and hit the rest of the kids or try to break
hit the rest of the kids or try to break
hit the rest of the kids or try to break and hit a little girl every decision
and hit a little girl every decision
and hit a little girl every decision will end in a crash and someone being
will end in a crash and someone being
will end in a crash and someone being hurt and you and only you have to make
hurt and you and only you have to make
hurt and you and only you have to make this decision so what would you do we
this decision so what would you do we
this decision so what would you do we all know there is no law telling you how
all know there is no law telling you how
all know there is no law telling you how to act and this this is not an oversight
to act and this this is not an oversight
to act and this this is not an oversight of the legal system the reason why there
of the legal system the reason why there
of the legal system the reason why there is no law it’s because it’s impossible
is no law it’s because it’s impossible
is no law it’s because it’s impossible to predict and determine a human
to predict and determine a human
to predict and determine a human behavior in such situations just the
behavior in such situations just the
behavior in such situations just the card software which is with multiple
card software which is with multiple
card software which is with multiple causes of action all of them will cause
causes of action all of them will cause
causes of action all of them will cause harm but the question is for whom and
harm but the question is for whom and
harm but the question is for whom and how much some scenarios will face the
how much some scenarios will face the
how much some scenarios will face the computer with an easier ethical dilemmas
computer with an easier ethical dilemmas
computer with an easier ethical dilemmas to handle such as for people against one
to handle such as for people against one
to handle such as for people against one but imagine a situation where the car
but imagine a situation where the car
but imagine a situation where the car need to make a choice of who’s going to
need to make a choice of who’s going to
need to make a choice of who’s going to live between a child and a senior
live between a child and a senior
live between a child and a senior between a pedestrian or the car owner
between a pedestrian or the car owner
between a pedestrian or the car owner between you or the person sitting next
between you or the person sitting next
between you or the person sitting next to you right now what algorithm can make
to you right now what algorithm can make
to you right now what algorithm can make such a decision it’s not the first time
such a decision it’s not the first time
such a decision it’s not the first time you heard about those scenes Hollywood
you heard about those scenes Hollywood
you heard about those scenes Hollywood brought it to the screen long time ago
brought it to the screen long time ago
brought it to the screen long time ago jump in the water
it didn’t save me so what should a
it didn’t save me so what should a default setting be protect the passenger
default setting be protect the passenger
default setting be protect the passenger at all costs or save as many lives as
at all costs or save as many lives as
at all costs or save as many lives as possible and there is more questions
possible and there is more questions
possible and there is more questions can we trust machines that has no
can we trust machines that has no
can we trust machines that has no feelings who will be responsible for
feelings who will be responsible for
feelings who will be responsible for damage caused by driverless car and can
damage caused by driverless car and can
damage caused by driverless car and can our legal system support such a
our legal system support such a
our legal system support such a technology I believe we can we need and
technology I believe we can we need and
technology I believe we can we need and we should trust machines perhaps
we should trust machines perhaps
we should trust machines perhaps artificial intelligence is precisely
artificial intelligence is precisely
artificial intelligence is precisely what we need some rational cold risk
what we need some rational cold risk
what we need some rational cold risk calculation the chooses the least
calculation the chooses the least
calculation the chooses the least damaging option I know it’s not easy to
damaging option I know it’s not easy to
damaging option I know it’s not easy to hear and I must tell you it’s not easy
hear and I must tell you it’s not easy
hear and I must tell you it’s not easy for me to say but just think about how
for me to say but just think about how
for me to say but just think about how you felt when I asked you if it tries to
you felt when I asked you if it tries to
you felt when I asked you if it tries to other drivers as long as we choose to
other drivers as long as we choose to
other drivers as long as we choose to save as many lives at the cost of fewer
save as many lives at the cost of fewer
save as many lives at the cost of fewer lives we can and we need to trust
lives we can and we need to trust
lives we can and we need to trust machines about my second question
machines about my second question
machines about my second question specific chain of events led to this
specific chain of events led to this
specific chain of events led to this result your autonomous car was on its
result your autonomous car was on its
result your autonomous car was on its way to pick you up but unfortunately
way to pick you up but unfortunately
way to pick you up but unfortunately something went wrong it might have been
something went wrong it might have been
something went wrong it might have been the car system or bad weather condition
the car system or bad weather condition
the car system or bad weather condition luckily no one was being hurt but there
luckily no one was being hurt but there
luckily no one was being hurt but there is a lot of damage someone is going to
is a lot of damage someone is going to
is a lot of damage someone is going to be liable and will need to pay a – who
be liable and will need to pay a – who
be liable and will need to pay a – who do you sue there is no person driving
do you sue there is no person driving
do you sue there is no person driving the car so who will be responsible for
the car so who will be responsible for
the car so who will be responsible for the damage the car owner may be the
the damage the car owner may be the
the damage the car owner may be the programmer of the cars software I
programmer of the cars software I
programmer of the cars software I believe that the car manufactures should
believe that the car manufactures should
believe that the car manufactures should be held accountable as they have the
be held accountable as they have the
be held accountable as they have the ability to fix these issues and the
ability to fix these issues and the
ability to fix these issues and the incentive to prevent them from
incentive to prevent them from
incentive to prevent them from reoccurring
reoccurring
reoccurring regard my third question with our
regard my third question with our
regard my third question with our current legal system
current legal system
current legal system I have to say no but the reason I’m
I have to say no but the reason I’m
I have to say no but the reason I’m standing here is because someone brought
standing here is because someone brought
standing here is because someone brought it up and asked my team and I to offer a
it up and asked my team and I to offer a
it up and asked my team and I to offer a relevant legal framework therefore I do
relevant legal framework therefore I do
relevant legal framework therefore I do believe that as much as the technology
believe that as much as the technology
believe that as much as the technology develops in the end the regulation will
develops in the end the regulation will
develops in the end the regulation will get there and there is one more thing
get there and there is one more thing
get there and there is one more thing you may recall last year that pair of
you may recall last year that pair of
you may recall last year that pair of hackers from the US demonstrated they
hackers from the US demonstrated they
hackers from the US demonstrated they could remotely hijacked a driving car
could remotely hijacked a driving car
could remotely hijacked a driving car they took over the car’s brakes the cars
they took over the car’s brakes the cars
they took over the car’s brakes the cars steering and the car speed all that
steering and the car speed all that
steering and the car speed all that using systems connected to the Internet
using systems connected to the Internet
using systems connected to the Internet and that was in a regular car so just
and that was in a regular car so just
and that was in a regular car so just think about what can happen with
think about what can happen with
think about what can happen with autonomous cars that are remotely and
autonomous cars that are remotely and
autonomous cars that are remotely and exclusively controlled by software you
exclusively controlled by software you
exclusively controlled by software you can sit in your autonomous car and all
can sit in your autonomous car and all
can sit in your autonomous car and all of a sudden a hacker is taking control
of a sudden a hacker is taking control
of a sudden a hacker is taking control over your car’s brakes in your car’s
over your car’s brakes in your car’s
over your car’s brakes in your car’s steering the hacker is in charge and you
steering the hacker is in charge and you
steering the hacker is in charge and you your is hostage but it’s not all that
your is hostage but it’s not all that
your is hostage but it’s not all that bad car manufactures are preparing to
bad car manufactures are preparing to
bad car manufactures are preparing to prevent acts from the very early stages
prevent acts from the very early stages
prevent acts from the very early stages of designing autonomous cars they call
of designing autonomous cars they call
of designing autonomous cars they call it secured by design but what about
it secured by design but what about
it secured by design but what about ethical by design or legal by design we
ethical by design or legal by design we
ethical by design or legal by design we need to consider all these challenges
need to consider all these challenges
need to consider all these challenges already in the designing stage but the
already in the designing stage but the
already in the designing stage but the question is how I believe that the way
question is how I believe that the way
question is how I believe that the way to handle these challenges is by
to handle these challenges is by
to handle these challenges is by breaking what I call the technology
breaking what I call the technology
breaking what I call the technology circle every innovation start with an
circle every innovation start with an
circle every innovation start with an idea and this idea is been translated to
idea and this idea is been translated to
idea and this idea is been translated to a new technology this new technology can
a new technology this new technology can
a new technology this new technology can affect many aspects in our daily life
affect many aspects in our daily life
affect many aspects in our daily life for example autonomous cars will affect
for example autonomous cars will affect
for example autonomous cars will affect our legal system and create liability
our legal system and create liability
our legal system and create liability problems so these problems need
problems so these problems need
problems so these problems need solutions in the form of regulation and
solutions in the form of regulation and
solutions in the form of regulation and the new regulation causes a need to data
the new regulation causes a need to data
the new regulation causes a need to data technology
technology
technology but here is the problem the speed that
but here is the problem the speed that
but here is the problem the speed that the technology is changing is so fast
the technology is changing is so fast
the technology is changing is so fast compared to the speed of the regulation
compared to the speed of the regulation
compared to the speed of the regulation there is no way of catching up we are
there is no way of catching up we are
there is no way of catching up we are constantly chasing our tails but we have
constantly chasing our tails but we have
constantly chasing our tails but we have to break this circle we can’t let this
to break this circle we can’t let this
to break this circle we can’t let this happen with autonomous cars because with
happen with autonomous cars because with
happen with autonomous cars because with autonomous cars people’s lives are at
autonomous cars people’s lives are at
autonomous cars people’s lives are at stake it’s our moral duty to consider
stake it’s our moral duty to consider
stake it’s our moral duty to consider all the challenges and all the dilemmas
all the challenges and all the dilemmas
all the challenges and all the dilemmas already in the designing stage secure by
already in the designing stage secure by
already in the designing stage secure by design
design
design legal by design and ethical by design
but the future holds is a tough question
but the future holds is a tough question particularly in relation to your rapidly
particularly in relation to your rapidly
particularly in relation to your rapidly evolving technology compared to the
evolving technology compared to the
evolving technology compared to the legal system that is dragging behind but
legal system that is dragging behind but
legal system that is dragging behind but autonomous cars will arrive and they
autonomous cars will arrive and they
autonomous cars will arrive and they will affect our lives in so many ways in
will affect our lives in so many ways in
will affect our lives in so many ways in disciplines that goes far beyond
disciplines that goes far beyond
disciplines that goes far beyond commuting in fact they already do but
commuting in fact they already do but
commuting in fact they already do but only if we will be brave enough to
only if we will be brave enough to
only if we will be brave enough to address the most difficult and
address the most difficult and
address the most difficult and complicated issues in the field of
complicated issues in the field of
complicated issues in the field of autonomous cars we can truly shift from
autonomous cars we can truly shift from
autonomous cars we can truly shift from designing technology to designing
designing technology to designing
designing technology to designing reality thank you very much
reality thank you very much
reality thank you very much [Applause]
”
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