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Can Magic Mushrooms Unlock Depression? | Rosalind Watts | TEDxOxford


this is Kirk he suffered for depression

this is Kirk he suffered for depression for five years he tried antidepressants

for five years he tried antidepressants

for five years he tried antidepressants talking therapy and nothing helped in

talking therapy and nothing helped in

talking therapy and nothing helped in May 2015 in Imperial College he was

May 2015 in Imperial College he was

May 2015 in Imperial College he was given psilocybin also known as magic

given psilocybin also known as magic

given psilocybin also known as magic mushrooms and since that time he’s been

mushrooms and since that time he’s been

mushrooms and since that time he’s been depression free this is Ben he suffered

depression free this is Ben he suffered

depression free this is Ben he suffered from depression for thirty years and in

from depression for thirty years and in

from depression for thirty years and in that time he tried everything CBT group

that time he tried everything CBT group

that time he tried everything CBT group therapy a list of medications prescribed

therapy a list of medications prescribed

therapy a list of medications prescribed to him by his doctor and nothing helped

to him by his doctor and nothing helped

to him by his doctor and nothing helped in June 2015 he was given psilocybin and

in June 2015 he was given psilocybin and

in June 2015 he was given psilocybin and since that time he has been depression

since that time he has been depression

since that time he has been depression free not only had the symptoms of his

free not only had the symptoms of his

free not only had the symptoms of his depression gone but in the last year he

depression gone but in the last year he

depression gone but in the last year he has done an acting course a printing

has done an acting course a printing

has done an acting course a printing course he’s flown on a plane for the

course he’s flown on a plane for the

course he’s flown on a plane for the first time in a decade and his career

first time in a decade and his career

first time in a decade and his career and social life are flourishing I can’t

and social life are flourishing I can’t

and social life are flourishing I can’t show you his face because magic

show you his face because magic

show you his face because magic mushrooms are an illegal psychedelic

mushrooms are an illegal psychedelic

mushrooms are an illegal psychedelic drug and he’s asked to remain anonymous

drug and he’s asked to remain anonymous

drug and he’s asked to remain anonymous magic mushrooms you might think of the

magic mushrooms you might think of the

magic mushrooms you might think of the 60s dropping out jumping out of windows

60s dropping out jumping out of windows

60s dropping out jumping out of windows thinking you can fly you might think of

thinking you can fly you might think of

thinking you can fly you might think of going crazy quite the opposite of what

going crazy quite the opposite of what

going crazy quite the opposite of what magic mushrooms did to to bed into Kirk

magic mushrooms did to to bed into Kirk

magic mushrooms did to to bed into Kirk and despite its bad reputation we need

and despite its bad reputation we need

and despite its bad reputation we need to ask the question what does this

to ask the question what does this

to ask the question what does this mushroom know that we don’t what does it

mushroom know that we don’t what does it

mushroom know that we don’t what does it do that we can’t I’m a clinical

do that we can’t I’m a clinical

do that we can’t I’m a clinical psychologist at the psychedelic research

psychologist at the psychedelic research

psychologist at the psychedelic research group at Imperial it’s a vibrant group

group at Imperial it’s a vibrant group

group at Imperial it’s a vibrant group of scientists and clinicians asking

of scientists and clinicians asking

of scientists and clinicians asking these very unconventional questions in a

these very unconventional questions in a

these very unconventional questions in a most conventional way it is led by Robin

most conventional way it is led by Robin

most conventional way it is led by Robin Carhartt Harris he’s a pioneering

Carhartt Harris he’s a pioneering

Carhartt Harris he’s a pioneering neuroscientist and also overseen by

neuroscientist and also overseen by

neuroscientist and also overseen by David Nutt who was a world-renowned

David Nutt who was a world-renowned

David Nutt who was a world-renowned psychopharmacologist and together they

psychopharmacologist and together they

psychopharmacologist and together they cut through ribbons and ribbons of red

cut through ribbons and ribbons of red

cut through ribbons and ribbons of red tape so that we could do the first

tape so that we could do the first

tape so that we could do the first psilocybin for depression study last

psilocybin for depression study last

psilocybin for depression study last year and in the study 20 individuals

year and in the study 20 individuals

year and in the study 20 individuals with treatment resistant depression

with treatment resistant depression

with treatment resistant depression were given a high dose of psilocybin in

were given a high dose of psilocybin in

were given a high dose of psilocybin in a therapeutic setting now the numbers

a therapeutic setting now the numbers

a therapeutic setting now the numbers may seem small but the results were

may seem small but the results were

may seem small but the results were remarkable we kept seeing these drops in

remarkable we kept seeing these drops in

remarkable we kept seeing these drops in their depression scores after the

their depression scores after the

their depression scores after the psilocybin treatment over and over again

psilocybin treatment over and over again

psilocybin treatment over and over again their symptoms of depression were going

their symptoms of depression were going

their symptoms of depression were going right down much bigger reductions in

right down much bigger reductions in

right down much bigger reductions in depression scores than you would expect

depression scores than you would expect

depression scores than you would expect to see in trials of conventional

to see in trials of conventional

to see in trials of conventional treatments like antidepressants and

treatments like antidepressants and

treatments like antidepressants and talking therapy the depression scores

talking therapy the depression scores

talking therapy the depression scores were going right down and they were

were going right down and they were

were going right down and they were staying down six months after the dose

staying down six months after the dose

staying down six months after the dose six of them were still in remission no

six of them were still in remission no

six of them were still in remission no symptoms of depression three of them

symptoms of depression three of them

symptoms of depression three of them didn’t really respond to the drug so

didn’t really respond to the drug so

didn’t really respond to the drug so there were small reductions in their

there were small reductions in their

there were small reductions in their depression but only for about a week but

depression but only for about a week but

depression but only for about a week but for 11 their depression was greatly

for 11 their depression was greatly

for 11 their depression was greatly reduced for about two months and then

reduced for about two months and then

reduced for about two months and then the symptoms of depression started to

the symptoms of depression started to

the symptoms of depression started to creep back again now that might sound

creep back again now that might sound

creep back again now that might sound very disappointing but with

very disappointing but with

very disappointing but with antidepressants you have to take them

antidepressants you have to take them

antidepressants you have to take them every day they have some unpleasant side

every day they have some unpleasant side

every day they have some unpleasant side effects it takes weeks for them to work

effects it takes weeks for them to work

effects it takes weeks for them to work and they are a palliative treatment not

and they are a palliative treatment not

and they are a palliative treatment not a cure but with psilocybin treatment we

a cure but with psilocybin treatment we

a cure but with psilocybin treatment we were seeing immediate reductions in

were seeing immediate reductions in

were seeing immediate reductions in depression symptoms immediate relief

depression symptoms immediate relief

depression symptoms immediate relief that last four months without side

that last four months without side

that last four months without side effects and it seemed to be working on

effects and it seemed to be working on

effects and it seemed to be working on the root causes rather than just

the root causes rather than just

the root causes rather than just suppressing symptoms depression is a

suppressing symptoms depression is a

suppressing symptoms depression is a relentless haunting affliction Winston

relentless haunting affliction Winston

relentless haunting affliction Winston Churchill calls it the Black Dog

Churchill calls it the Black Dog

Churchill calls it the Black Dog patients in a study called it a concrete

patients in a study called it a concrete

patients in a study called it a concrete coat a sack over the head a locked box a

coat a sack over the head a locked box a

coat a sack over the head a locked box a prison

prison

prison they had tried between 3 and 11

they had tried between 3 and 11

they had tried between 3 and 11 different types of talking therapy and

different types of talking therapy and

different types of talking therapy and after sorry 3 and 11 types of

after sorry 3 and 11 types of

after sorry 3 and 11 types of antidepressant and six types of talking

antidepressant and six types of talking

antidepressant and six types of talking therapy but nothing had released them

therapy but nothing had released them

therapy but nothing had released them they were stuck in their individual

they were stuck in their individual

they were stuck in their individual prisons of depression and they’re not

prisons of depression and they’re not

prisons of depression and they’re not the odd ones out we are entering an

the odd ones out we are entering an

the odd ones out we are entering an epidemic of depression it’s the number

epidemic of depression it’s the number

epidemic of depression it’s the number one cause of disability globally and it

one cause of disability globally and it

one cause of disability globally and it will affect everyone in this room either

will affect everyone in this room either

will affect everyone in this room either someone you care about or you directly

someone you care about or you directly

someone you care about or you directly and we don’t understand depression we

and we don’t understand depression we

and we don’t understand depression we don’t really know what causes it and

don’t really know what causes it and

don’t really know what causes it and despite enormous scientific endeavor we

despite enormous scientific endeavor we

despite enormous scientific endeavor we have not yet found a complete a

have not yet found a complete a

have not yet found a complete a conclusive cure we don’t really

conclusive cure we don’t really

conclusive cure we don’t really understand it it it’s a complex mixture

understand it it it’s a complex mixture

understand it it it’s a complex mixture of so many different factors and when it

of so many different factors and when it

of so many different factors and when it hits it can be a wave of sadness shame

hits it can be a wave of sadness shame

hits it can be a wave of sadness shame and grief or it can be just a shroud

and grief or it can be just a shroud

and grief or it can be just a shroud that kills all feelings and it’s not it

that kills all feelings and it’s not it

that kills all feelings and it’s not it illness that we can just test for and

illness that we can just test for and

illness that we can just test for and treat is different for every person so

treat is different for every person so

treat is different for every person so how to unlock depression the key is

how to unlock depression the key is

how to unlock depression the key is never simple and it will be different

never simple and it will be different

never simple and it will be different for each person

so in our study we were originally

so in our study we were originally looking at the effect of psilocybin on

looking at the effect of psilocybin on

looking at the effect of psilocybin on the patient’s brains so it makes the

the patient’s brains so it makes the

the patient’s brains so it makes the rain go from rigid to flexible

rain go from rigid to flexible

rain go from rigid to flexible hyper-connected you could say that it

hyper-connected you could say that it

hyper-connected you could say that it unlocks the brain so in our study we did

unlocks the brain so in our study we did

unlocks the brain so in our study we did these brain scans and we could see this

these brain scans and we could see this

these brain scans and we could see this increased flexibility and we also in

increased flexibility and we also in

increased flexibility and we also in Crete included a symptom measure so we

Crete included a symptom measure so we

Crete included a symptom measure so we could see that depression symptoms were

could see that depression symptoms were

could see that depression symptoms were going right down but that doesn’t tell

going right down but that doesn’t tell

going right down but that doesn’t tell the full story we wanted to know from

the full story we wanted to know from

the full story we wanted to know from patients in their own words what was

patients in their own words what was

patients in their own words what was happening what was the psilocybin doing

happening what was the psilocybin doing

happening what was the psilocybin doing so we interviewed them all six months

so we interviewed them all six months

so we interviewed them all six months after the dose and we analyzed the

after the dose and we analyzed the

after the dose and we analyzed the interview traps transcripts and came up

interview traps transcripts and came up

interview traps transcripts and came up with two themes about what psilocybin

with two themes about what psilocybin

with two themes about what psilocybin was doing but before I get onto those

was doing but before I get onto those

was doing but before I get onto those themes I think maybe actually clarify

themes I think maybe actually clarify

themes I think maybe actually clarify what a psychedelic experiences so

what a psychedelic experiences so

what a psychedelic experiences so psychedelics allow the unconscious mind

psychedelics allow the unconscious mind

psychedelics allow the unconscious mind to become conscious important material

to become conscious important material

to become conscious important material that has been built up over the course

that has been built up over the course

that has been built up over the course of life but that is being pushed out of

of life but that is being pushed out of

of life but that is being pushed out of sight where you can’t see it emerges

sight where you can’t see it emerges

sight where you can’t see it emerges like it’s kind of crumpled clothes that

like it’s kind of crumpled clothes that

like it’s kind of crumpled clothes that you push to the back of your wardrobe

you push to the back of your wardrobe

you push to the back of your wardrobe and it emerges it comes out you don’t

and it emerges it comes out you don’t

and it emerges it comes out you don’t just see it you embody it memories

just see it you embody it memories

just see it you embody it memories emotions pain love grief whatever has

emotions pain love grief whatever has

emotions pain love grief whatever has been hidden emerges and demands you feel

been hidden emerges and demands you feel

been hidden emerges and demands you feel it it can be incredibly painful and

it it can be incredibly painful and

it it can be incredibly painful and incredibly beautiful patients in our

incredibly beautiful patients in our

incredibly beautiful patients in our study described overall having three

study described overall having three

study described overall having three main types of experience so firstly

main types of experience so firstly

main types of experience so firstly visiting past traumas secondly having

visiting past traumas secondly having

visiting past traumas secondly having insights about your life negative

insights about your life negative

insights about your life negative patterns and how to change them and

patterns and how to change them and

patterns and how to change them and thirdly these connect these experiences

thirdly these connect these experiences

thirdly these connect these experiences of harmony and and connection and unity

of harmony and and connection and unity

of harmony and and connection and unity and sometimes they would have all three

and sometimes they would have all three

and sometimes they would have all three experiences in the course of one day

experiences in the course of one day

experiences in the course of one day sync session so here’s our treatment

sync session so here’s our treatment

sync session so here’s our treatment room and you would have the two

room and you would have the two

room and you would have the two therapists either side of the patient

therapists either side of the patient

therapists either side of the patient they’d be given ice shades and asked to

they’d be given ice shades and asked to

they’d be given ice shades and asked to sit back and listen to the music and

sit back and listen to the music and

sit back and listen to the music and just surrender to whatever comes up and

just surrender to whatever comes up and

just surrender to whatever comes up and they would have had sessions with the

they would have had sessions with the

they would have had sessions with the therapists before

therapists before

therapists before and so that they trusted them and they

and so that they trusted them and they

and so that they trusted them and they felt safe but the therapist doesn’t

felt safe but the therapist doesn’t

felt safe but the therapist doesn’t structure the sessions at all or direct

structure the sessions at all or direct

structure the sessions at all or direct the content in any way but there was a

the content in any way but there was a

the content in any way but there was a structure two sessions there was a

structure two sessions there was a

structure two sessions there was a beginning a middle and an end and a flow

beginning a middle and an end and a flow

beginning a middle and an end and a flow of ideas and symbols that built on each

of ideas and symbols that built on each

of ideas and symbols that built on each other in the most sophisticated way as

other in the most sophisticated way as

other in the most sophisticated way as if as if it had been planned by a most

if as if it had been planned by a most

if as if it had been planned by a most excellent therapist now in my previous

excellent therapist now in my previous

excellent therapist now in my previous work as a non psychedelic psychologist I

work as a non psychedelic psychologist I

work as a non psychedelic psychologist I would provide him talking therapies in

would provide him talking therapies in

would provide him talking therapies in the NHS I would I would plan my sessions

the NHS I would I would plan my sessions

the NHS I would I would plan my sessions for my patients and think how can I help

for my patients and think how can I help

for my patients and think how can I help them talk about traumatic experiences or

them talk about traumatic experiences or

them talk about traumatic experiences or how could I help them get a different

how could I help them get a different

how could I help them get a different perspective or develop some self

perspective or develop some self

perspective or develop some self compassion or some motivation for change

compassion or some motivation for change

compassion or some motivation for change and I try and instill all these things

and I try and instill all these things

and I try and instill all these things but it’s all coming from the therapist

but it’s all coming from the therapist

but it’s all coming from the therapist the patient experiences it somehow

the patient experiences it somehow

the patient experiences it somehow outside of themselves and it sometimes

outside of themselves and it sometimes

outside of themselves and it sometimes just misses the mark but with the

just misses the mark but with the

just misses the mark but with the psilocybin sessions I was witnessing

psilocybin sessions I was witnessing

psilocybin sessions I was witnessing patients go on their own journeys of

patients go on their own journeys of

patients go on their own journeys of healing the ideas all came from inside

healing the ideas all came from inside

healing the ideas all came from inside themselves and they were powerful and

themselves and they were powerful and

themselves and they were powerful and transformative because the lessons were

transformative because the lessons were

transformative because the lessons were were planned by the most accurate

were planned by the most accurate

were planned by the most accurate therapists there is themselves so the

therapists there is themselves so the

therapists there is themselves so the themes what did the patients say the

themes what did the patients say the

themes what did the patients say the psilocybin did

okay click a broken can I have another

okay click a broken can I have another click done okay okay so the next slide

click done okay okay so the next slide

click done okay okay so the next slide isn’t coming up but I’ll tell you what

isn’t coming up but I’ll tell you what

isn’t coming up but I’ll tell you what it says it says that the first theme was

it says it says that the first theme was

it says it says that the first theme was of an inner unlocking so patients

of an inner unlocking so patients

of an inner unlocking so patients described going from being emotionally

described going from being emotionally

described going from being emotionally locked up inside to being emotionally

locked up inside to being emotionally

locked up inside to being emotionally liberated they they described going from

liberated they they described going from

liberated they they described going from being a void of emotion to accepting

being a void of emotion to accepting

being a void of emotion to accepting emotion so they talked about how in

emotion so they talked about how in

emotion so they talked about how in depression when stressful or painful

depression when stressful or painful

depression when stressful or painful painful things happened

painful things happened

painful things happened emotions were distance or suppressed

emotions were distance or suppressed

emotions were distance or suppressed they our society doesn’t really value

they our society doesn’t really value

they our society doesn’t really value suffering it’s seen as a weakness

suffering it’s seen as a weakness

suffering it’s seen as a weakness so they’d learned to put their feelings

so they’d learned to put their feelings

so they’d learned to put their feelings in boxes Sam remembered growing up and

in boxes Sam remembered growing up and

in boxes Sam remembered growing up and being told boys don’t cry so he learned

being told boys don’t cry so he learned

being told boys don’t cry so he learned to suffer in silence and many of the

to suffer in silence and many of the

to suffer in silence and many of the patients just they weren’t they couldn’t

patients just they weren’t they couldn’t

patients just they weren’t they couldn’t deal with their feelings because so much

deal with their feelings because so much

deal with their feelings because so much had happened in their lives they had so

had happened in their lives they had so

had happened in their lives they had so many years of hurt they just didn’t have

many years of hurt they just didn’t have

many years of hurt they just didn’t have the resources to face it all and they

the resources to face it all and they

the resources to face it all and they had many different ways of avoiding

had many different ways of avoiding

had many different ways of avoiding their pain self-medicating through

their pain self-medicating through

their pain self-medicating through through food through television through

through food through television through

through food through television through painkillers and then often through

painkillers and then often through

painkillers and then often through antidepressants which didn’t really work

antidepressants which didn’t really work

antidepressants which didn’t really work on the root causes of their suffering

on the root causes of their suffering

on the root causes of their suffering just none the worse of the pain but they

just none the worse of the pain but they

just none the worse of the pain but they also numbed other emotions too and so

also numbed other emotions too and so

also numbed other emotions too and so many of the patients described feeling

many of the patients described feeling

many of the patients described feeling numb and unable to feel many of them had

numb and unable to feel many of them had

numb and unable to feel many of them had described experiencing trauma in their

described experiencing trauma in their

described experiencing trauma in their lives often in early childhood and

lives often in early childhood and

lives often in early childhood and they’ve never been able to process it or

they’ve never been able to process it or

they’ve never been able to process it or think about what had happened and in the

think about what had happened and in the

think about what had happened and in the psilocybin experiences they were able to

psilocybin experiences they were able to

psilocybin experiences they were able to process these things John where’s dawn

John here John

John here John he had suffered from abuse in childhood

he had suffered from abuse in childhood

he had suffered from abuse in childhood and in his psilocybin dose he saw a

and in his psilocybin dose he saw a

and in his psilocybin dose he saw a great big cask and he knew that in that

great big cask and he knew that in that

great big cask and he knew that in that cask with all of his pain and shame that

cask with all of his pain and shame that

cask with all of his pain and shame that he’d never been able to think or talk

he’d never been able to think or talk

he’d never been able to think or talk about and he grappled with it it was

about and he grappled with it it was

about and he grappled with it it was extremely painful but in the course of

extremely painful but in the course of

extremely painful but in the course of the session he was able to unlock that

the session he was able to unlock that

the session he was able to unlock that box and accept his past and it was so

box and accept his past and it was so

box and accept his past and it was so powerful many of them cried for the

powerful many of them cried for the

powerful many of them cried for the first time in years this cathartic

first time in years this cathartic

first time in years this cathartic experience of accepting emotion and just

experience of accepting emotion and just

experience of accepting emotion and just being able to live it we thought in six

being able to live it we thought in six

being able to live it we thought in six hours what you would often see in six

hours what you would often see in six

hours what you would often see in six years

years

years of therapy and now the second theme is

of therapy and now the second theme is

of therapy and now the second theme is of an outer unlocking so they describe

of an outer unlocking so they describe

of an outer unlocking so they describe going from disconnection to connection

going from disconnection to connection

going from disconnection to connection so they talked about depression as a

so they talked about depression as a

so they talked about depression as a gradual turning inward slowly becoming

gradual turning inward slowly becoming

gradual turning inward slowly becoming disconnected from from the people you

disconnected from from the people you

disconnected from from the people you love from your identity and becoming

love from your identity and becoming

love from your identity and becoming just kind of trapped in their minds

just kind of trapped in their minds

just kind of trapped in their minds trapped in a small corner of their minds

trapped in a small corner of their minds

trapped in a small corner of their minds locked there with constant negative

locked there with constant negative

locked there with constant negative thinking attacking them all the time and

thinking attacking them all the time and

thinking attacking them all the time and the psilocybin started a process of

the psilocybin started a process of

the psilocybin started a process of reconnection so been described it this

reconnection so been described it this

reconnection so been described it this way he said it was like when you defrag

way he said it was like when you defrag

way he said it was like when you defrag the hard drive on your computer I

the hard drive on your computer I

the hard drive on your computer I experience things being rearranged in my

experience things being rearranged in my

experience things being rearranged in my mind I witnessed it as it was all put

mind I witnessed it as it was all put

mind I witnessed it as it was all put into order and I thought my brain is

into order and I thought my brain is

into order and I thought my brain is being defrag how brilliant is that and

being defrag how brilliant is that and

being defrag how brilliant is that and since that time my thoughts make sense

since that time my thoughts make sense

since that time my thoughts make sense and I ruminate less and other patients

and I ruminate less and other patients

and I ruminate less and other patients describe the same process but in a

describe the same process but in a

describe the same process but in a different way some described as the fog

different way some described as the fog

different way some described as the fog lifting or being able to see clearly

lifting or being able to see clearly

lifting or being able to see clearly John said it was like turning on the

John said it was like turning on the

John said it was like turning on the lights in a dark house and after that

lights in a dark house and after that

lights in a dark house and after that mental reboot they were able to connect

mental reboot they were able to connect

mental reboot they were able to connect to their senses they were connect to

to their senses they were connect to

to their senses they were connect to their their self their identity Kirk

their their self their identity Kirk

their their self their identity Kirk said he felt like he was gliding through

said he felt like he was gliding through

said he felt like he was gliding through life and they could connect through

life and they could connect through

life and they could connect through other people John went for dinner with

other people John went for dinner with

other people John went for dinner with his wife for the first time in seven

his wife for the first time in seven

his wife for the first time in seven years and said that they were like

years and said that they were like

years and said that they were like teenagers again many of them felt a

teenagers again many of them felt a

teenagers again many of them felt a connection to nature they didn’t just

connection to nature they didn’t just

connection to nature they didn’t just see nature as a thing like a television

see nature as a thing like a television

see nature as a thing like a television or a picture but they felt part of it

or a picture but they felt part of it

or a picture but they felt part of it and they collected to a spiritual

and they collected to a spiritual

and they collected to a spiritual principle for the first time some of

principle for the first time some of

principle for the first time some of them overall they went from being

them overall they went from being

them overall they went from being trapped being unlocked expanded and free

so altered states of consciousness have

so altered states of consciousness have been held in high esteem for thousands

been held in high esteem for thousands

been held in high esteem for thousands of years around the world but the

of years around the world but the

of years around the world but the scientific research is in its infancy

scientific research is in its infancy

scientific research is in its infancy and we’re excited to be doing a bigger

and we’re excited to be doing a bigger

and we’re excited to be doing a bigger study this year but we’re still treading

study this year but we’re still treading

study this year but we’re still treading carefully we don’t know so much about it

carefully we don’t know so much about it

carefully we don’t know so much about it yet and it won’t be right for everyone

yet and it won’t be right for everyone

yet and it won’t be right for everyone so we’re treading carefully and we’re

so we’re treading carefully and we’re

so we’re treading carefully and we’re going to learn so much over the next

going to learn so much over the next

going to learn so much over the next five years about how and when psilocybin

five years about how and when psilocybin

five years about how and when psilocybin it can help us but I believe that it

it can help us but I believe that it

it can help us but I believe that it could revolutionize mental healthcare

could revolutionize mental healthcare

could revolutionize mental healthcare patience in our study described all

patience in our study described all

patience in our study described all these superficial treatments short-term

these superficial treatments short-term

these superficial treatments short-term therapies sticking plasters that didn’t

therapies sticking plasters that didn’t

therapies sticking plasters that didn’t help nothing had ever helped because

help nothing had ever helped because

help nothing had ever helped because nothing had ever got to the heart of

nothing had ever got to the heart of

nothing had ever got to the heart of their pain and in this epidemic of

their pain and in this epidemic of

their pain and in this epidemic of depression there are so many people in

depression there are so many people in

depression there are so many people in need so many people need help and the

need so many people need help and the

need so many people need help and the NHS can’t afford to provide long term

NHS can’t afford to provide long term

NHS can’t afford to provide long term treatments and years and years of

treatments and years and years of

treatments and years and years of psychotherapy for everyone but I believe

psychotherapy for everyone but I believe

psychotherapy for everyone but I believe that if we incorporate psilocybin into

that if we incorporate psilocybin into

that if we incorporate psilocybin into existing short-term therapies like the

existing short-term therapies like the

existing short-term therapies like the therapies I used to work in that we can

therapies I used to work in that we can

therapies I used to work in that we can make them so much more effective so much

make them so much more effective so much

make them so much more effective so much more powerful its supplementing therapy

more powerful its supplementing therapy

more powerful its supplementing therapy with a medicine that lets you find a way

with a medicine that lets you find a way

with a medicine that lets you find a way out of your suffering rather than just

out of your suffering rather than just

out of your suffering rather than just padding the cage so can magic mushrooms

padding the cage so can magic mushrooms

padding the cage so can magic mushrooms unlock depression the answer is no it’s

unlock depression the answer is no it’s

unlock depression the answer is no it’s not the mushroom that unlocks depression

not the mushroom that unlocks depression

not the mushroom that unlocks depression it’s the patient the mushroom just shows

it’s the patient the mushroom just shows

it’s the patient the mushroom just shows them the key

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