In the lane of Wenzhou Street in Taipei City,
There is a former residence of Yin Haiguang,
This is to commemorate Professor Yin Haiguang of the Department of Philosophy at National Taiwan University.
He was in martial law,
Because it advocates liberal and democratic thinking,
The result was dismissed by the school.
Afterwards, it was also under surveillance.
Until his death.
On the North Zhongshan Road in Taipei City,
There is also a Tsai Luyue Dance Research Institute.
Cai Ruiyue is a very outstanding female dancer in Taiwan.
But she is also a political victim.
After the February 28th incident,
Because of her political factors,
The result was expelled from the country.
Not long after,
Tsai Ruiyue was also implicated.
I was jailed.
After being released from prison,
Regardless of artistic creation,
Or personal action,
In fact, they are all subject to many restrictions.
Like Cai Ruiyue and Yin Haiguang,
These outstanding talents,
Or some very ordinary people in Taiwan,
They were all after the end of the Second World War.
Until 1987, Taiwan was martial law,
In these forty years,
Because the political idea is not the same as the ruler at the time,
Or in an innocent situation that you don’t even know about,
Forced to become a political victim.
Some sacrificed their lives;
Some of them have been deprived of their own career and personal belongings.
In the past, Taiwan has dealt with these cases of political suffering.
The main measures taken are compensation measures.
But there are many historical truths,
It has not been clarified.
Because the truth of history is not well clarified,
So much so that our society,
Still left many taboos,
Lots of murmurs.
Let’s look at the current transitional justice in Taiwan
The historical truth that needs to be dealt with well,
There are many other issues that need to be clearly clarified.
For example, we can give the following three points.
First, who are the victims?
How many are their numbers?
Second, there are many people who lost their lives at the time.
It is still not clear till now.
So much so that their family,
Want to go to these suffering places,
Going forward to express the meaning of their mourning,
Do not know where to go.
Third, we have a system for inflicting harm on perpetrators.
There is also a lack of detailed research.
Because these historical problems have not been clarified,
So we have a history related to transitional justice,
Often become a tool of political wrestling.
Now many people in Taiwan hope that
We can properly handle the issue of transitional justice.
How to properly handle Taiwan’s transitional justice issue?
Borrowing from foreign experience,
“The stones from other hills can be mistaken.”
It is worthwhile for Taiwan to thoroughly understand it.
This is not to say that
Which model must we adopt?
But understand it well
How others reborn on the wounds of history
Dealing with justice through transformation,
Can open up another beautiful vision for the country,
This is worth the trouble of Taiwan to understand.
In the world, no country is like Germany.
There have been two experiences dealing with transitional justice.
The first time was after the Second World War.
Deal with the issue of the Nazi Holocaust;
The second time was after 1990.
Deal with the totalitarian rule of the East German Communist Party.
So next, I want to spend some time,
Let’s take a look together.
Germany is from the government, from civil society, to individuals.
What did they do?
Finally can be brought together into
One people thinks that it is handled better.
There is a long-term constructive transformational justice.
This is a very famous historical photograph.
It was in 1970 when
West Germany Prime Minister Willie Brandt
Before the memorial to the Jewish quarter in Warsaw, Poland
When you pay tribute
Photographed.
As the highest political leader in West Germany at the time,
Willi Brent chose to use the most humble way
I apologize,
Many crimes committed during the Nazi period in Germany,
Expresses the deepest confession and mourning.
Willie Brandt used this way of humility,
Come to Poland and apologize.
At that time, it caused the shock of many people in the world.
But it also made many people feel very moved.
Since 1992,
German artists and folks are also on the streets of many cities.
Laying memorial stone
These memorial stones were laid during the Nazi period
The victims live on the road in front of the house.
In these 10 cm squared brass memorial stones, 10 cm square,
Carving the names of victims one by one,
The age of their birth, their brief suffering,
And finally they suffer
Or the date and place of deportation.
Those who cross these roads,
It is easy to see these memorial stones.
Through these memorial stones,
They are also at the scene of history,
Learn to understand the truth of history;
And while learning to understand the historical truth,
I also know that history errors should be remembered.
Can not repeat again.
In the past, Taiwan’s handling of transitional justice was
Often called
“Only victims, no injurers.”
We don’t have enough research
Who is the injurer?
How does the harm-enhancing system work?
And how are these injurers brought together?
Is there anybody who was originally an injurer?
But in the end, it became a victim?
Or are there any people who are victims?
But under the pressure of strong oppression,
The result was also forced to participate in some acts of harm?
Injurer research,
In fact, it also includes
To do something that hurts others
For the future life of these injurers,
What is the impact?
Also for their later descendants,
What are the effects?
Germany has done a lot of research in the past 20 years
It is about the psychology of injurers.
They found that while the injurers were between
Get some benefits,
But doing something that hurts others
It will leave a shadow in your own heart.
And these shadows,
It will slowly transform into posttraumatic stress syndrome.
As you get older, the symptoms will become clearer.
It is easy to affect family life.
This means that
Injurers’ post-traumatic stress syndrome,
Is affecting the mental health of children and grandchildren
Very important factor,
And this kind of impact across generations,
In fact, it is also socially psychological
There is a great need for a factor that is well valued.
Therefore, how to encourage injurers and their children and grandchildren
Tell me what happened in the past,
It is also a very important task for transitional justice.
Here, I want to share a story with everyone.
This is a Nobel Prize winner
How he admits
He has participated in the story of the injurer group.
The protagonist is a famous German novelist named Scott. Glas.
In 2006,
Grace published his memoirs, Peel Onion.
In it, he clearly admits
In my own youth,
Once joined the past of the Nazi SS.
Why did Glasgow do this?
he thinks,
Admitting that he had been astray when he was young
The group that had mistakenly chosen to participate in injurers,
It’s a peace of mind
The best way to face your own old age.
Also through this method,
Can make him feel completely at ease
Facing this world.
After the East German secret police file was opened,
Grace also let go of a journalist
Go to all the information about him in the archives,
The reporter based a lot of information,
Later I wrote a very thick book
This is called “Monitoring Glass”.
Why did Glasgow ask this reporter to write this book?
He hopes to use himself as a case.
Remind the German people,
The secret police files
It is to serve totalitarian rulers.
And to accumulate a lot of information,
So what is written in these files,
Not necessarily all true.
So he hopes that the German people will use him as a case.
Learn to understand
How to use a wise and calm way,
Come face to face with this batch of files
There are a lot of problems.
In addition to personal efforts to learn to face the truth of history,
When the government and the ruler face justice in transition,
The values they hold are also very important.
Last year, Israeli Prime Minister Nathanyahu once said that
The reason why Germany damaged so many Jews during the Nazi period was
It is because it is tempted by other countries to do so.
But after the current German Prime Minister Merkel heard these words,
Immediately on public occasions,
It is Germany that is responsible for the Nazi genocide.
This responsibility should not be passed on to other countries.
When we see a country
Their nationals and their government,
Have the courage to face the reality of history,
Then we can actually understand
Why their transformational justice can bring more long-term constructive results.
So we come to understand the experiences of other countries in the transformation of justice.
Not that we have to think
Which country does we use in Taiwan?
Instead, we should know that
The process of transition to justice,
It’s actually a process of opening a Pandora’s box.
Follow-up questions will continue to follow.
And we need to be good for these issues
To do a good job of planning in advance and preparing for some prevention.
So understand the journey that other countries have gone through.
It is helpful for us to do these preparations well.
Because only if we can be on a good basis
When we embark on the road to transformational justice,
We really can start
A healing of the soul trauma of society,
And in such a healing process
Slowly deepening the democracy of our society,
Such a way.
Some people may ask: “What exactly is transformational justice?”
for this problem,
We can answer from two aspects.
First, transformational justice is very important
It is to transform the political system.
In other words,
We need to deal with
In the past, history of human rights abuses
Come out of the authoritarian system,
True to democracy,
And in this process of moving towards democracy,
We should urge our public sector to operate.
Pursue the main value of defending human rights.
But only through justice,
Or it is a political system that transforms politics.
In fact, it is not enough.
Because transformational justice is the most important,
It is to seek social reconciliation.
So the second point is how to transform the physique of the social mind.
It is also something we cannot ignore when we are doing transitional justice.
In other words, we should use the flaws that can smooth out history.
Come out of the sadness that has long existed in our society;
Through out everyone’s sadness,
We are good to
Move forward on the road to deepening democracy.
As the famous American literary critic
Jeffrey. Hartman once said:
“In this sensitive block,
Scars and healing are difficult to separate. ”
However, our society should
How to heal wounds?
We all clearly understand that
In the past it was precisely because we had a lot of historical scars.
Not being well-healed, not cured,
So much so that we often fall into the predicament of disputed historical memories.
However, they cannot effectively emerge from these difficulties.
So some people will think that
I fight for historical interpretation power through political wrestling.
As long as I’m taking some advantage in politics,
I can let me think about the history,
Put it on the table,
And it requires everyone to accept it.
However, to compete for historical interpretation rights,
Can you really solve the problem?
We must know that
Way of remembering historical violence,
It is itself a part of the history of conflict that continues to
And it will affect
Whether these conflicts can really be resolved.
So really important,
It is that we should think about:
How to liberate conflict history from negative historical burdens,
Turn it into help that can help solve problems.
So how do we do it?
In response to this issue, I would like to suggest
Taiwan should open up the “great complaints” of the society.
How can we open up the great complaints of Taiwan society?
There are two directions, we can work together.
First, we should encourage
Film, literature and art, as well as documentary creation,
At the same time, we must also encourage the publication of relevant historical research books.
Through these literary arts and academic studies,
To make different social communities,
Can be explained from different aspects
The various pasts related to the history of transformational justice.
Second, we should make good use of network technology to help.
I want to introduce a concept to everyone here.
The masses outsourced, that is, through the concerted efforts of the Internet.
Everyone works together to solve specific problems.
How can we help out through the mass outsourcing?
We must first realize that
We should go to create one
Let each other see each other
The mechanism of rational dialogue,
To deal with the issue of historical memory divergence.
Therefore, we can build a cloud database on the Internet.
Through this database,
The Internet discussion platform to promote the publicization of historical memories.
We can help with Google Maps.
Every place in the history of Taiwan has experienced historical conflicts
Mark it out.
And below each conflict location,
We establish a history discussion,
Historical dialogue database.
This historical dialogue discussion database
Which materials should be included in it?
First of all, it is the time and place where the incident really happened.
There is also the name of this historical conflict.
Next we should include
The victim’s statement, the injurer’s statement,
Witnesses’ arguments, insider’s claims,
There are related historical files,
At the time media reports,
Art, Literature, Documentaries
The presentation of these conflicts,
The textbook’s interpretation of these historical events,
There are other related opinions.
When we put these opinions together,
We have a more diverse,
Wide-ranging historical database
Let everyone be based on such diverse materials,
Conduct more rational discussions.
Promote transformational justice,
We are actually in history,
Looking for a society
A new location that can be well reconciled.
Because we hope that transitional justice can lead us to real social reconciliation,
So we should focus on constructive public planning.
The mechanism that can solve historical conflicts through flexibility,
Let’s get back to every citizen, every community in this society
Basically it should have confidence.
When our civil society is built on everyone willing to help each other,
Willing to have basic confidence in each other,
In an architecture like this,
Our transformational justice,
It is really that we can lead us to
Transformational Justice in the Reconstruction of Social Psychic Values .
If we can pass a flexible, dialogue,
And it can resolve historical differences and historical conflicts.
The mechanism of such a public dialogue,
Then we have a great chance
Let’s make Taiwan’s transition to justice
A model that can transform justice for the world
Inject new experiences
It can also enrich the history of the development of human democracy.
The examination of the wound is to heal the wound.
Because the injured heart is not far away.
A mature democratic society,
Should not be ignorant or unaware of the pain of history;
A mature democratic society,
You should learn to understand the great pain that others have had.
We should have sufficient maturity.
Check the historical wounds together
Should also support each other,
Jointly treat scars.
In this changing world,
Only when we can get back the temperature of humanity that we really have as a person,
Know how to see the trauma of others,
The suffering of others,
We also can only make many major decisions in our country.
We can use these common humanity temperatures,
And our tough endurance,
Come through many tests.
If we can use such a human temperature,
With these tough endurance through tests,
We have very good hopes.
You can come to our common future.
thank you all.
(applause)
”
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