we were young country 30 years of uninterrupted debate over slavery no
uninterrupted debate over slavery no
uninterrupted debate over slavery no range for compromise
range for compromise
range for compromise unleashed was a civil war of increasing
unleashed was a civil war of increasing
unleashed was a civil war of increasing savagery and enormous destruction
savagery and enormous destruction
savagery and enormous destruction the future was invisible because the
the future was invisible because the
the future was invisible because the past had been a failure so many low but
past had been a failure so many low but
past had been a failure so many low but captivating facts remain in darkness
captivating facts remain in darkness
captivating facts remain in darkness just waiting to be discovered
thank you thank you very much now
thank you thank you very much now throughout the 1850s the nation’s
throughout the 1850s the nation’s
throughout the 1850s the nation’s leaders stretched democratic perimeters
leaders stretched democratic perimeters
leaders stretched democratic perimeters to the breaking point this needs to be
to the breaking point this needs to be
to the breaking point this needs to be pointed out in this day in time everyone
pointed out in this day in time everyone
pointed out in this day in time everyone then was confident that the American
then was confident that the American
then was confident that the American system could endure and absorb any blows
system could endure and absorb any blows
system could endure and absorb any blows and then repair itself reasonable people
and then repair itself reasonable people
and then repair itself reasonable people went to unreasonable limits they talked
went to unreasonable limits they talked
went to unreasonable limits they talked they argued they shouted they threatened
they argued they shouted they threatened
they argued they shouted they threatened slowly but steadily the elements of
slowly but steadily the elements of
slowly but steadily the elements of compromise the only thing that holds
compromise the only thing that holds
compromise the only thing that holds democracy together began to fall upon
democracy together began to fall upon
democracy together began to fall upon they have operated the great undertaking
they have operated the great undertaking
they have operated the great undertaking of American nationhood
of American nationhood
of American nationhood bloated with tamal by 1861 broke free
bloated with tamal by 1861 broke free
bloated with tamal by 1861 broke free from intolerance the future was
from intolerance the future was
from intolerance the future was invisible because the past had been a
invisible because the past had been a
invisible because the past had been a failure and civil war came now 30 years
failure and civil war came now 30 years
failure and civil war came now 30 years of uninterrupted debate over the issue
of uninterrupted debate over the issue
of uninterrupted debate over the issue of slavery came to a ball in a December
of slavery came to a ball in a December
of slavery came to a ball in a December 1860 when South Carolina left the Union
1860 when South Carolina left the Union
1860 when South Carolina left the Union James Pettigrew was a federal judge in
James Pettigrew was a federal judge in
James Pettigrew was a federal judge in Charleston and at this discussion of his
Charleston and at this discussion of his
Charleston and at this discussion of his native state
native state
native state the venerable Julius güell he won’t
the venerable Julius güell he won’t
the venerable Julius güell he won’t work South Carolina is too small to be a
work South Carolina is too small to be a
work South Carolina is too small to be a nation and too large to be an insane
nation and too large to be an insane
nation and too large to be an insane asylum
asylum
asylum yet ten other states join South Carolina
yet ten other states join South Carolina
yet ten other states join South Carolina and a freedom movement that they call
and a freedom movement that they call
and a freedom movement that they call the Confederate States of America and so
the Confederate States of America and so
the Confederate States of America and so two nations within a nation faced each
two nations within a nation faced each
two nations within a nation faced each other one president had pledged to
other one president had pledged to
other one president had pledged to preserve the Union at all costs the
preserve the Union at all costs the
preserve the Union at all costs the other chief executive was leading a
other chief executive was leading a
other chief executive was leading a pilgrimage to take a third of the states
pilgrimage to take a third of the states
pilgrimage to take a third of the states out of the Union between them was no
out of the Union between them was no
out of the Union between them was no space no room for adjustment no range
space no room for adjustment no range
space no room for adjustment no range for compromise and even if there had
for compromise and even if there had
for compromise and even if there had been immense emotions were swirling
been immense emotions were swirling
been immense emotions were swirling about the country two things to keep in
about the country two things to keep in
about the country two things to keep in mind as you study Civil War history we
mind as you study Civil War history we
mind as you study Civil War history we were a young country seventy years old
were a young country seventy years old
were a young country seventy years old when civil war broke out equally as
when civil war broke out equally as
when civil war broke out equally as important of the 27 and a half million
important of the 27 and a half million
important of the 27 and a half million white Americans living in 1860 over half
white Americans living in 1860 over half
white Americans living in 1860 over half one under the age of 21 we were young
one under the age of 21 we were young
one under the age of 21 we were young naive and innocent and so the emotion
naive and innocent and so the emotion
naive and innocent and so the emotion swirling around the country could not be
swirling around the country could not be
swirling around the country could not be controlled they were without formality
controlled they were without formality
controlled they were without formality of his swing and once the guns at Fort
of his swing and once the guns at Fort
of his swing and once the guns at Fort Sumter began firing what they unleashed
Sumter began firing what they unleashed
Sumter began firing what they unleashed was a civil war of increasing savagery
was a civil war of increasing savagery
was a civil war of increasing savagery and enormous destruction you know no
and enormous destruction you know no
and enormous destruction you know no matter how long we study Civil War
matter how long we study Civil War
matter how long we study Civil War history what we do not know about the
history what we do not know about the
history what we do not know about the war seems to be more than what we do
war seems to be more than what we do
war seems to be more than what we do know so many little but captivating
know so many little but captivating
know so many little but captivating facts remain in darkness just waiting to
facts remain in darkness just waiting to
facts remain in darkness just waiting to be discovered the personal element in
be discovered the personal element in
be discovered the personal element in war is what I stress it’s too often
war is what I stress it’s too often
war is what I stress it’s too often totally overlooked look at a bottle
totally overlooked look at a bottle
totally overlooked look at a bottle Mountain and you will see inanimate
Mountain and you will see inanimate
Mountain and you will see inanimate veered and blue lines and those red and
veered and blue lines and those red and
veered and blue lines and those red and blue lines on this leading they are in
blue lines on this leading they are in
blue lines on this leading they are in fact thousands of young men summoned to
fact thousands of young men summoned to
fact thousands of young men summoned to do a dreadful job they as well as
do a dreadful job they as well as
do a dreadful job they as well as families and friends left behind often
families and friends left behind often
families and friends left behind often experience things that deserve our
experience things that deserve our
experience things that deserve our attention and our remembrance the untold
attention and our remembrance the untold
attention and our remembrance the untold Civil War is the first major attempt to
Civil War is the first major attempt to
Civil War is the first major attempt to accomplish that task of looking at the
accomplish that task of looking at the
accomplish that task of looking at the little hidden but quite human events of
little hidden but quite human events of
little hidden but quite human events of the war there’s a story of two brothers
the war there’s a story of two brothers
the war there’s a story of two brothers who fought on opposite sides yet held
who fought on opposite sides yet held
who fought on opposite sides yet held hands as they died on the same
hands as they died on the same
hands as they died on the same battlefield when Lincoln grew a beard
battlefield when Lincoln grew a beard
battlefield when Lincoln grew a beard the great locomotive chase personal side
the great locomotive chase personal side
the great locomotive chase personal side lights on Fort Sumter and Gettysburg and
lights on Fort Sumter and Gettysburg and
lights on Fort Sumter and Gettysburg and Cold Harbor a mass execution of 22
Cold Harbor a mass execution of 22
Cold Harbor a mass execution of 22 deserters and the occasion when the
deserters and the occasion when the
deserters and the occasion when the sternly pious Stonewall Jackson became
sternly pious Stonewall Jackson became
sternly pious Stonewall Jackson became hopelessly intoxicated or highlights
hopelessly intoxicated or highlights
hopelessly intoxicated or highlights that’s a highlight in it in and of
that’s a highlight in it in and of
that’s a highlight in it in and of itself being somebody quite familiar
itself being somebody quite familiar
itself being somebody quite familiar with the jungle one cannot look at human
with the jungle one cannot look at human
with the jungle one cannot look at human behavior in that war without
behavior in that war without
behavior in that war without encountering the human of Abraham
encountering the human of Abraham
encountering the human of Abraham Lincoln it was always there it was his
Lincoln it was always there it was his
Lincoln it was always there it was his necessary crutch to keep on going as he
necessary crutch to keep on going as he
necessary crutch to keep on going as he once said I have to laugh otherwise I
once said I have to laugh otherwise I
once said I have to laugh otherwise I won’t cry that’s all that’s all and this
won’t cry that’s all that’s all and this
won’t cry that’s all that’s all and this humour was of a pleasant late in 1863
humour was of a pleasant late in 1863
humour was of a pleasant late in 1863 and with using a man who wanted a pass
and with using a man who wanted a pass
and with using a man who wanted a pass to Richmond Lincoln stated I would
to Richmond Lincoln stated I would
to Richmond Lincoln stated I would gladly give you the pass if it would do
gladly give you the pass if it would do
gladly give you the pass if it would do any good but in the last two years I
any good but in the last two years I
any good but in the last two years I have given passes to two hundred
have given passes to two hundred
have given passes to two hundred thousand soldiers and not one of them
thousand soldiers and not one of them
thousand soldiers and not one of them has managed to get that yet no story of
has managed to get that yet no story of
has managed to get that yet no story of army life however in the 1860s would be
army life however in the 1860s would be
army life however in the 1860s would be complete without mentioning pets many of
complete without mentioning pets many of
complete without mentioning pets many of Ejim ins on both sides had mascots they
Ejim ins on both sides had mascots they
Ejim ins on both sides had mascots they ran the gauntlet of the animal kingdom
ran the gauntlet of the animal kingdom
ran the gauntlet of the animal kingdom dogs cats vac Coons possums chickens pig
dogs cats vac Coons possums chickens pig
dogs cats vac Coons possums chickens pig to bales and a camel that we can tag
to bales and a camel that we can tag
to bales and a camel that we can tag elate yet the most famous of all the
elate yet the most famous of all the
elate yet the most famous of all the civil was mascots
civil was mascots
civil was mascots was a male bald eagle the 8th Wisconsin
was a male bald eagle the 8th Wisconsin
was a male bald eagle the 8th Wisconsin infantry regiment left for war with an
infantry regiment left for war with an
infantry regiment left for war with an eaglet donated by Chippewa Indians
eaglet donated by Chippewa Indians
eaglet donated by Chippewa Indians soldiers named the bird old Abe and in
soldiers named the bird old Abe and in
soldiers named the bird old Abe and in some ways the eagle was a pitiful sight
some ways the eagle was a pitiful sight
some ways the eagle was a pitiful sight a strong coid ban him to approach a top
a strong coid ban him to approach a top
a strong coid ban him to approach a top of wooden pole his wings were
of wooden pole his wings were
of wooden pole his wings were continually clipped to keep him from
continually clipped to keep him from
continually clipped to keep him from flying away
flying away
flying away nevertheless the Eagles fame spread
nevertheless the Eagles fame spread
nevertheless the Eagles fame spread throughout the Union armies in the
throughout the Union armies in the
throughout the Union armies in the Western theater he was not only a
Western theater he was not only a
Western theater he was not only a curiosity he became an inspiration and a
curiosity he became an inspiration and a
curiosity he became an inspiration and a motivation the 8th Wisconsin became
motivation the 8th Wisconsin became
motivation the 8th Wisconsin became known as the Eagle regiment and old a
known as the Eagle regiment and old a
known as the Eagle regiment and old a was in at least three dozen engagements
was in at least three dozen engagements
was in at least three dozen engagements he always found battle stimulating and
he always found battle stimulating and
he always found battle stimulating and he would react by flapping his wings and
he would react by flapping his wings and
he would react by flapping his wings and screeching loudly the bird never
screeching loudly the bird never
screeching loudly the bird never received the battle wound an amazing
received the battle wound an amazing
received the battle wound an amazing thing because he was a prime target for
thing because he was a prime target for
thing because he was a prime target for Confederate sharpshooters two monuments
Confederate sharpshooters two monuments
Confederate sharpshooters two monuments enduring monuments exist to the eagle
enduring monuments exist to the eagle
enduring monuments exist to the eagle one is the Wisconsin State
one is the Wisconsin State
one is the Wisconsin State monument on the Vicksburg battlefield
monument on the Vicksburg battlefield
monument on the Vicksburg battlefield but the other memorial originated in
but the other memorial originated in
but the other memorial originated in World War two and it is still in use it
World War two and it is still in use it
World War two and it is still in use it is one of the most revered shoulder
is one of the most revered shoulder
is one of the most revered shoulder patches in existence yes you I it
patches in existence yes you I it
patches in existence yes you I it belongs to the hundred and first
belongs to the hundred and first
belongs to the hundred and first Airborne Division which calls itself the
Airborne Division which calls itself the
Airborne Division which calls itself the Screaming Eagles old they would like
Screaming Eagles old they would like
Screaming Eagles old they would like that now every Civil War historian has
that now every Civil War historian has
that now every Civil War historian has to confront folklore and it’s especially
to confront folklore and it’s especially
to confront folklore and it’s especially heavy in the field of the Civil War and
heavy in the field of the Civil War and
heavy in the field of the Civil War and it just becomes particularly so when you
it just becomes particularly so when you
it just becomes particularly so when you talk about espionage in the war
talk about espionage in the war
talk about espionage in the war espionage was in its infancy it was not
espionage was in its infancy it was not
espionage was in its infancy it was not the sophisticated science it has become
the sophisticated science it has become
the sophisticated science it has become the point to make here is that in the
the point to make here is that in the
the point to make here is that in the Civil War for every James Bond you will
Civil War for every James Bond you will
Civil War for every James Bond you will encounter there will be at least two
encounter there will be at least two
encounter there will be at least two maximal smarts in the neighborhood now
maximal smarts in the neighborhood now
maximal smarts in the neighborhood now among the best of these successful spies
among the best of these successful spies
among the best of these successful spies as both Lincoln and Grant acknowledged
as both Lincoln and Grant acknowledged
as both Lincoln and Grant acknowledged was a lady Elizabeth van Lew the
was a lady Elizabeth van Lew the
was a lady Elizabeth van Lew the daughter of a prosperous Richmond
daughter of a prosperous Richmond
daughter of a prosperous Richmond merchant Lizzie van Lew was well
merchant Lizzie van Lew was well
merchant Lizzie van Lew was well educated and highly intelligent she
educated and highly intelligent she
educated and highly intelligent she inherited the mercantile business at her
inherited the mercantile business at her
inherited the mercantile business at her father’s death by the time of the Civil
father’s death by the time of the Civil
father’s death by the time of the Civil War Lizzie was in her mid forties a
War Lizzie was in her mid forties a
War Lizzie was in her mid forties a small dowdy spinster with dotting blue
small dowdy spinster with dotting blue
small dowdy spinster with dotting blue eyes in seemingly nervous disposition
eyes in seemingly nervous disposition
eyes in seemingly nervous disposition she was a staunch unionist who refused
she was a staunch unionist who refused
she was a staunch unionist who refused to cooperate in any way with the
to cooperate in any way with the
to cooperate in any way with the Southern Confederacy or southern minded
Southern Confederacy or southern minded
Southern Confederacy or southern minded people in Richmond in public she adopted
people in Richmond in public she adopted
people in Richmond in public she adopted a dress and a manner to give every
a dress and a manner to give every
a dress and a manner to give every impression that she was totally insane
impression that she was totally insane
impression that she was totally insane and she succeeded completely Richmond
and she succeeded completely Richmond
and she succeeded completely Richmond citizens learned to keep that distance
citizens learned to keep that distance
citizens learned to keep that distance from crazy Betsy as she was widely
from crazy Betsy as she was widely
from crazy Betsy as she was widely called sympathetic local officials gave
called sympathetic local officials gave
called sympathetic local officials gave her permission to visit captured Union
her permission to visit captured Union
her permission to visit captured Union soldiers in Libby Prison just down the
soldiers in Libby Prison just down the
soldiers in Libby Prison just down the hill from the van Lew mansion and there
hill from the van Lew mansion and there
hill from the van Lew mansion and there she went almost daily taking in food but
she went almost daily taking in food but
she went almost daily taking in food but bringing out military information that
bringing out military information that
bringing out military information that prisoners had overheard and relaying it
prisoners had overheard and relaying it
prisoners had overheard and relaying it through the lines to Union command post
through the lines to Union command post
through the lines to Union command post escaping federal soldiers
escaping federal soldiers
escaping federal soldiers from Libya would use her home as a first
from Libya would use her home as a first
from Libya would use her home as a first step refuge in the flight northward to
step refuge in the flight northward to
step refuge in the flight northward to freedom when Union soldiers occupied
freedom when Union soldiers occupied
freedom when Union soldiers occupied Richmond in April 1865 General u.s.
Richmond in April 1865 General u.s.
Richmond in April 1865 General u.s. grant publicly commend advant for
grant publicly commend advant for
grant publicly commend advant for sending what he called the most valuable
sending what he called the most valuable
sending what he called the most valuable information received from Richmond
information received from Richmond
information received from Richmond during the war in 1869 President Grant
during the war in 1869 President Grant
during the war in 1869 President Grant had it insult to injury by appointing
had it insult to injury by appointing
had it insult to injury by appointing van Lew postmaster of Richmond she held
van Lew postmaster of Richmond she held
van Lew postmaster of Richmond she held the position throughout the eight-year
the position throughout the eight-year
the position throughout the eight-year grant administration she then moved to
grant administration she then moved to
grant administration she then moved to Washington why upon Richmond officials
Washington why upon Richmond officials
Washington why upon Richmond officials confiscated her home and turned it into
confiscated her home and turned it into
confiscated her home and turned it into an insane asylum
an insane asylum
an insane asylum the exiled friendless van Lew eventually
the exiled friendless van Lew eventually
the exiled friendless van Lew eventually returned to Richmond and she spent the
returned to Richmond and she spent the
returned to Richmond and she spent the remainder of her life with a niece and
remainder of her life with a niece and
remainder of her life with a niece and 40 cats a few people attended her
40 cats a few people attended her
40 cats a few people attended her funeral in 1900 and elaborate
funeral in 1900 and elaborate
funeral in 1900 and elaborate gravestones soon the dough and the
gravestones soon the dough and the
gravestones soon the dough and the burial site the gravestone was a gift
burial site the gravestone was a gift
burial site the gravestone was a gift from appreciative families of
from appreciative families of
from appreciative families of Massachusetts soldiers now Arlington
Massachusetts soldiers now Arlington
Massachusetts soldiers now Arlington National Cemetery is the nation’s
National Cemetery is the nation’s
National Cemetery is the nation’s largest shrine to fallen heroes its
largest shrine to fallen heroes its
largest shrine to fallen heroes its breathtaking Beauty overshadows its
breathtaking Beauty overshadows its
breathtaking Beauty overshadows its disreputable beginnings George
disreputable beginnings George
disreputable beginnings George Washington Custis the stepson and
Washington Custis the stepson and
Washington Custis the stepson and namesake of our first president
namesake of our first president
namesake of our first president inherited the poverty in 1802 Custer set
inherited the poverty in 1802 Custer set
inherited the poverty in 1802 Custer set out to build a combination mansion
out to build a combination mansion
out to build a combination mansion enshrined to the Father that he adored
enshrined to the Father that he adored
enshrined to the Father that he adored he called the place Arlington after the
he called the place Arlington after the
he called the place Arlington after the Custis family’s first home on Virginia’s
Custis family’s first home on Virginia’s
Custis family’s first home on Virginia’s Eastern Shore Custis and his wife had
Eastern Shore Custis and his wife had
Eastern Shore Custis and his wife had one child a daughter Marie in 1831 she
one child a daughter Marie in 1831 she
one child a daughter Marie in 1831 she married a young officer robert e lee in
married a young officer robert e lee in
married a young officer robert e lee in arlington became the only real home that
arlington became the only real home that
arlington became the only real home that army officer lee would have for 30 years
army officer lee would have for 30 years
army officer lee would have for 30 years it was at Arlington in April 1861 that
it was at Arlington in April 1861 that
it was at Arlington in April 1861 that Lee made the decision to offer his sword
Lee made the decision to offer his sword
Lee made the decision to offer his sword to his native Virginia by claiming he
to his native Virginia by claiming he
to his native Virginia by claiming he could not lift his sword against his
could not lift his sword against his
could not lift his sword against his birth weight and his country in 1861
birth weight and his country in 1861
birth weight and his country in 1861 when Civil War began the Lee family had
when Civil War began the Lee family had
when Civil War began the Lee family had been
been
been joonyoung’s for 225 years Virginia was
joonyoung’s for 225 years Virginia was
joonyoung’s for 225 years Virginia was Lee’s home well when Lee would south to
Lee’s home well when Lee would south to
Lee’s home well when Lee would south to take to cast his lot with the
take to cast his lot with the
take to cast his lot with the Confederacy federal officials
Confederacy federal officials
Confederacy federal officials immediately seized the arlington estate
immediately seized the arlington estate
immediately seized the arlington estate the quartermaster of the Union armies
the quartermaster of the Union armies
the quartermaster of the Union armies was an individual named Montgomery Meigs
was an individual named Montgomery Meigs
was an individual named Montgomery Meigs he was a brilliant engineer but
he was a brilliant engineer but
he was a brilliant engineer but uncontrollably vindictive he considered
uncontrollably vindictive he considered
uncontrollably vindictive he considered all Confederates including his own
all Confederates including his own
all Confederates including his own brother to be nothing less than traitors
brother to be nothing less than traitors
brother to be nothing less than traitors to punish his longtime friend Lee for
to punish his longtime friend Lee for
to punish his longtime friend Lee for siding with Virginia Meg’s determined to
siding with Virginia Meg’s determined to
siding with Virginia Meg’s determined to turn Alling ttan into a vast cemetery
turn Alling ttan into a vast cemetery
turn Alling ttan into a vast cemetery unauthorized burials began there in May
unauthorized burials began there in May
unauthorized burials began there in May 1864 when the Secretary of War endorsed
1864 when the Secretary of War endorsed
1864 when the Secretary of War endorsed the idea Meg’s began burying her V Union
the idea Meg’s began burying her V Union
the idea Meg’s began burying her V Union body he could obtain and he had them
body he could obtain and he had them
body he could obtain and he had them placed as close to the mansion as
placed as close to the mansion as
placed as close to the mansion as possible to ensure that the Lee cost his
possible to ensure that the Lee cost his
possible to ensure that the Lee cost his home was forever be uninhabitable
home was forever be uninhabitable
home was forever be uninhabitable at first it was no honor to be buried at
at first it was no honor to be buried at
at first it was no honor to be buried at Arlington only those who could not be
Arlington only those who could not be
Arlington only those who could not be identified are those whose families
identified are those whose families
identified are those whose families could not afford the cost of a private
could not afford the cost of a private
could not afford the cost of a private general were put that with time a
general were put that with time a
general were put that with time a positive transformation began it ended
positive transformation began it ended
positive transformation began it ended in 1955 when the Arlington mansion was
in 1955 when the Arlington mansion was
in 1955 when the Arlington mansion was dedicated as a memorial to General Lee
dedicated as a memorial to General Lee
dedicated as a memorial to General Lee today more than 230,000 dead lie in the
today more than 230,000 dead lie in the
today more than 230,000 dead lie in the 600 acre tract an average of 18 she also
600 acre tract an average of 18 she also
600 acre tract an average of 18 she also held their daily two events round out
held their daily two events round out
held their daily two events round out the story in 1882 Montgomery Meigs died
the story in 1882 Montgomery Meigs died
the story in 1882 Montgomery Meigs died by his order he was buried a stone’s
by his order he was buried a stone’s
by his order he was buried a stone’s throw from the front steps to the
throw from the front steps to the
throw from the front steps to the mansion later that same year the US
mansion later that same year the US
mansion later that same year the US Supreme Court found the federal
Supreme Court found the federal
Supreme Court found the federal government guilty of illegal seizure of
government guilty of illegal seizure of
government guilty of illegal seizure of the arlington estate the High Court
the arlington estate the High Court
the arlington estate the High Court awarded the Lee family both the property
awarded the Lee family both the property
awarded the Lee family both the property and 150 thousand dollars in damages the
and 150 thousand dollars in damages the
and 150 thousand dollars in damages the leaves took the money it was too late to
leaves took the money it was too late to
leaves took the money it was too late to do anything else with the property and
do anything else with the property and
do anything else with the property and so the cemetery remains a monument to
so the cemetery remains a monument to
so the cemetery remains a monument to bitter feelings engendered by a civil
bitter feelings engendered by a civil
bitter feelings engendered by a civil war as well as a reminder of the ongoing
war as well as a reminder of the ongoing
war as well as a reminder of the ongoing cost of American freedom the American
cost of American freedom the American
cost of American freedom the American conflict of the 1860s is often called
conflict of the 1860s is often called
conflict of the 1860s is often called the war first and as a chapter on that
the war first and as a chapter on that
the war first and as a chapter on that because this war produced so many
because this war produced so many
because this war produced so many innovations that it dominates American
innovations that it dominates American
innovations that it dominates American life you would not believe how much of
life you would not believe how much of
life you would not believe how much of your life goes back to the Civil War
your life goes back to the Civil War
your life goes back to the Civil War let’s begin with a startling and
let’s begin with a startling and
let’s begin with a startling and somewhat embarrassing example the
somewhat embarrassing example the
somewhat embarrassing example the North’s first ironclad ship was
North’s first ironclad ship was
North’s first ironclad ship was christened USS Monitor it had no deck
christened USS Monitor it had no deck
christened USS Monitor it had no deck crew members were therefore unable to
crew members were therefore unable to
crew members were therefore unable to practice a naval tradition that when
practice a naval tradition that when
practice a naval tradition that when they had to and then I’m using a civil
they had to and then I’m using a civil
they had to and then I’m using a civil war phrase answer the imperative call of
war phrase answer the imperative call of
war phrase answer the imperative call of nature they would come on that what a
nature they would come on that what a
nature they would come on that what a thing good to see which way the wind was
thing good to see which way the wind was
thing good to see which way the wind was blowing and then squat on the railing to
blowing and then squat on the railing to
blowing and then squat on the railing to believe themselves but in this ironclad
believe themselves but in this ironclad
believe themselves but in this ironclad vessel such was not possible and naval
vessel such was not possible and naval
vessel such was not possible and naval officers when it wants to see the
officers when it wants to see the
officers when it wants to see the inventor John Ericsson they explained
inventor John Ericsson they explained
inventor John Ericsson they explained the problem and the Ericsson responded
the problem and the Ericsson responded
the problem and the Ericsson responded by designing one of the closest friends
by designing one of the closest friends
by designing one of the closest friends each of us has he called it a water
each of us has he called it a water
each of us has he called it a water chest you know it butter has a commode a
chest you know it butter has a commode a
chest you know it butter has a commode a party a privy a phone thus whenever you
party a privy a phone thus whenever you
party a privy a phone thus whenever you have to go to the bathroom you are
have to go to the bathroom you are
have to go to the bathroom you are engaging in a bit of Civil War history
engaging in a bit of Civil War history
engaging in a bit of Civil War history at least I hope you are among other
at least I hope you are among other
at least I hope you are among other civil war first when you join the army
civil war first when you join the army
civil war first when you join the army in 1860 you were given the uniform
in 1860 you were given the uniform
in 1860 you were given the uniform whether you were five feet two was six
whether you were five feet two was six
whether you were five feet two was six feet four whether you weighed 100 or 300
feet four whether you weighed 100 or 300
feet four whether you weighed 100 or 300 pound you were given the uniform and
pound you were given the uniform and
pound you were given the uniform and Montgomery Meigs our quartermaster
Montgomery Meigs our quartermaster
Montgomery Meigs our quartermaster friend looked out at the first recruits
friend looked out at the first recruits
friend looked out at the first recruits first wave of recruits coming into
first wave of recruits coming into
first wave of recruits coming into Washington and he thought them to
Washington and he thought them to
Washington and he thought them to resemble an international convention of
resemble an international convention of
resemble an international convention of clowns and so out for Meg’s office when
clowns and so out for Meg’s office when
clowns and so out for Meg’s office when a directive to every uniformed
a directive to every uniformed
a directive to every uniformed manufacturer in the North henceforth
manufacturer in the North henceforth
manufacturer in the North henceforth they would not make one uniform they
they would not make one uniform they
they would not make one uniform they would make four and they would call them
would make four and they would call them
would make four and they would call them small medium
small medium
small medium large and extra-large precise clothing
large and extra-large precise clothing
large and extra-large precise clothing which every one of us uses originated in
which every one of us uses originated in
which every one of us uses originated in the Civil War so it can goods
the Civil War so it can goods
the Civil War so it can goods so did paper money so did home delivery
so did paper money so did home delivery
so did paper money so did home delivery of mail so that standard time piles of
of mail so that standard time piles of
of mail so that standard time piles of shoes prosthetic limbs Veterans
shoes prosthetic limbs Veterans
shoes prosthetic limbs Veterans Hospitals welfare agencies and the first
Hospitals welfare agencies and the first
Hospitals welfare agencies and the first major steps by American women to become
major steps by American women to become
major steps by American women to become the social equal of men ladies in 1860
the social equal of men ladies in 1860
the social equal of men ladies in 1860 you could not vote in most states you
you could not vote in most states you
you could not vote in most states you were forbidden to own property but the
were forbidden to own property but the
were forbidden to own property but the flood of men into the armies left of
flood of men into the armies left of
flood of men into the armies left of last vacuum behind the lines and his
last vacuum behind the lines and his
last vacuum behind the lines and his women who stepped forward in three areas
women who stepped forward in three areas
women who stepped forward in three areas to fill the gaps the first area was in
to fill the gaps the first area was in
to fill the gaps the first area was in machinery machine shops and they came in
machinery machine shops and they came in
machinery machine shops and they came in to operate the machines producing the
to operate the machines producing the
to operate the machines producing the military goods for the armies firstly
military goods for the armies firstly
military goods for the armies firstly wore their hoop skirts which brought
wore their hoop skirts which brought
wore their hoop skirts which brought about some disasters when all that
about some disasters when all that
about some disasters when all that material would occasionally get caught
material would occasionally get caught
material would occasionally get caught into the machines to obliterate this
into the machines to obliterate this
into the machines to obliterate this eliminated whether the women began the
eliminated whether the women began the
eliminated whether the women began the bomber the trousers of their husbands
bomber the trousers of their husbands
bomber the trousers of their husbands sons of others and they came forward
sons of others and they came forward
sons of others and they came forward with slacks which I would suspect 90% of
with slacks which I would suspect 90% of
with slacks which I would suspect 90% of you ladies are wearing tonight that
you ladies are wearing tonight that
you ladies are wearing tonight that originated in the Civil War when the
originated in the Civil War when the
originated in the Civil War when the schoolmasters went off to war education
schoolmasters went off to war education
schoolmasters went off to war education came to a standstill
came to a standstill
came to a standstill until women stepped forward volunteering
until women stepped forward volunteering
until women stepped forward volunteering as teachers they added and you were to
as teachers they added and you were to
as teachers they added and you were to our vocabulary school missus and it was
our vocabulary school missus and it was
our vocabulary school missus and it was in the field of Nursing finally that
in the field of Nursing finally that
in the field of Nursing finally that they stepped forward gritted that teeth
they stepped forward gritted that teeth
they stepped forward gritted that teeth and looked at the holler and smell the
and looked at the holler and smell the
and looked at the holler and smell the stench and viewed all situations of men
stench and viewed all situations of men
stench and viewed all situations of men being killed and wounded in battle and
being killed and wounded in battle and
being killed and wounded in battle and from that war as well came America’s
from that war as well came America’s
from that war as well came America’s happiest day of the year that day of
happiest day of the year that day of
happiest day of the year that day of course is Christmas and our Christmas
course is Christmas and our Christmas
course is Christmas and our Christmas would be nothing without the impact of
would be nothing without the impact of
would be nothing without the impact of the Civil War the Yuletide we all love
the Civil War the Yuletide we all love
the Civil War the Yuletide we all love began with Thomas Nast son of German
began with Thomas Nast son of German
began with Thomas Nast son of German immigrants a gifted artist Nast was only
immigrants a gifted artist Nast was only
immigrants a gifted artist Nast was only 22 when he joined the staff of the
22 when he joined the staff of the
22 when he joined the staff of the country’s most popular magazine Harper’s
country’s most popular magazine Harper’s
country’s most popular magazine Harper’s Weekly
Weekly
Weekly near the start of the 1862 Christmas
near the start of the 1862 Christmas
near the start of the 1862 Christmas period Nass created the first Santa
period Nass created the first Santa
period Nass created the first Santa Claus
Claus
Claus his initial Santa Claus war Stars and
his initial Santa Claus war Stars and
his initial Santa Claus war Stars and Stripes uniform the sheer genius of his
Stripes uniform the sheer genius of his
Stripes uniform the sheer genius of his first drawing is of it in here because
first drawing is of it in here because
first drawing is of it in here because when you look at it you don’t
when you look at it you don’t
when you look at it you don’t necessarily see Santa Claus first what
necessarily see Santa Claus first what
necessarily see Santa Claus first what you see is the joy and happiness on the
you see is the joy and happiness on the
you see is the joy and happiness on the faces of Union soldiers which is exactly
faces of Union soldiers which is exactly
faces of Union soldiers which is exactly why he had created the figure in the
why he had created the figure in the
why he had created the figure in the first place remember the name Santa
first place remember the name Santa
first place remember the name Santa Claus originated with Nast and not some
Claus originated with Nast and not some
Claus originated with Nast and not some earlier port or later and nasty imagined
earlier port or later and nasty imagined
earlier port or later and nasty imagined Santa Claus to be what he has become
Santa Claus to be what he has become
Santa Claus to be what he has become lamb belly white bearded fur-clad a
lamb belly white bearded fur-clad a
lamb belly white bearded fur-clad a jolly bright-eyed with a sprig of Holly
jolly bright-eyed with a sprig of Holly
jolly bright-eyed with a sprig of Holly in his cow quite in contrast with Saint
in his cow quite in contrast with Saint
in his cow quite in contrast with Saint Nicholas in Kris Kringle and other
Nicholas in Kris Kringle and other
Nicholas in Kris Kringle and other European depictions of the Christmas
European depictions of the Christmas
European depictions of the Christmas spirit Santa Claus was the embodiment of
spirit Santa Claus was the embodiment of
spirit Santa Claus was the embodiment of good shear a patron saint who one day
good shear a patron saint who one day
good shear a patron saint who one day each year that’s every one of us become
each year that’s every one of us become
each year that’s every one of us become a child again it is from the hand and
a child again it is from the hand and
a child again it is from the hand and talent of Thomas Nast they got a number
talent of Thomas Nast they got a number
talent of Thomas Nast they got a number of symbols in American editorial page
of symbols in American editorial page
of symbols in American editorial page cartoons in journals it was nice for
cartoons in journals it was nice for
cartoons in journals it was nice for example who created the Democratic
example who created the Democratic
example who created the Democratic donkey the Republican elephant the
donkey the Republican elephant the
donkey the Republican elephant the figure of Uncle Sam John Bull the
figure of Uncle Sam John Bull the
figure of Uncle Sam John Bull the personification of England all of these
personification of England all of these
personification of England all of these came from Nast and yet in spite of all
came from Nast and yet in spite of all
came from Nast and yet in spite of all these contributions this adopted
these contributions this adopted
these contributions this adopted American is still most remembered as the
American is still most remembered as the
American is still most remembered as the man who made summer Claus look at Civil
man who made summer Claus look at Civil
man who made summer Claus look at Civil War photographs and paintings most of
War photographs and paintings most of
War photographs and paintings most of you will miss something in the majority
you will miss something in the majority
you will miss something in the majority of our machines it was perhaps the most
of our machines it was perhaps the most
of our machines it was perhaps the most forgotten element in the Civil War for
forgotten element in the Civil War for
forgotten element in the Civil War for 2,000 years man’s basic transportation
2,000 years man’s basic transportation
2,000 years man’s basic transportation and his major co-worker was the horse
and his major co-worker was the horse
and his major co-worker was the horse centuries ago of the loss of observe
centuries ago of the loss of observe
centuries ago of the loss of observe that the horse was the noblest conquest
that the horse was the noblest conquest
that the horse was the noblest conquest man is over made horses were an
man is over made horses were an
man is over made horses were an indispensable part of life especially
indispensable part of life especially
indispensable part of life especially with the coming of war in 1861 and this
with the coming of war in 1861 and this
with the coming of war in 1861 and this brings us to a misconception that
brings us to a misconception that
brings us to a misconception that Hollywood has perpetuated for decades
Hollywood has perpetuated for decades
Hollywood has perpetuated for decades movie movies always show mounted
movie movies always show mounted
movie movies always show mounted warriors staging an attack the defenders
warriors staging an attack the defenders
warriors staging an attack the defenders opened fire the latus toppled to the
opened fire the latus toppled to the
opened fire the latus toppled to the ground and the horses gallop away
ground and the horses gallop away
ground and the horses gallop away unharmed
unharmed
unharmed in reality the opposite was the case
in reality the opposite was the case
in reality the opposite was the case horses were the first target in a battle
horses were the first target in a battle
horses were the first target in a battle kill the animals the Ladas become
kill the animals the Ladas become
kill the animals the Ladas become dismounted and the fighting can continue
dismounted and the fighting can continue
dismounted and the fighting can continue with both sides on the same level in
with both sides on the same level in
with both sides on the same level in similar fashion shoot or bayonet the
similar fashion shoot or bayonet the
similar fashion shoot or bayonet the artillery horses and the other side’s
artillery horses and the other side’s
artillery horses and the other side’s cannon become immobilized army horses in
cannon become immobilized army horses in
cannon become immobilized army horses in the 1860s never had an easy time half of
the 1860s never had an easy time half of
the 1860s never had an easy time half of them went into battle and were killed
them went into battle and were killed
them went into battle and were killed however women used and abused horses
however women used and abused horses
however women used and abused horses with an indifference borne of the
with an indifference borne of the
with an indifference borne of the passion to survive artillery horses had
passion to survive artillery horses had
passion to survive artillery horses had to drag heavy cannon through all the
to drag heavy cannon through all the
to drag heavy cannon through all the elements and once they got to the
elements and once they got to the
elements and once they got to the frontlines
frontlines
frontlines the life expectancy under fire was
the life expectancy under fire was
the life expectancy under fire was measured in a matter of minutes for
measured in a matter of minutes for
measured in a matter of minutes for every horse killed in battle three
every horse killed in battle three
every horse killed in battle three others died from exhaustion starvation
others died from exhaustion starvation
others died from exhaustion starvation exposure mistreatment and such
exposure mistreatment and such
exposure mistreatment and such widespread diseases as Glenda’s and sore
widespread diseases as Glenda’s and sore
widespread diseases as Glenda’s and sore tongue the worst Civil War photograph I
tongue the worst Civil War photograph I
tongue the worst Civil War photograph I know is this one was taken on the
know is this one was taken on the
know is this one was taken on the Antietam battlefield it was the mount of
Antietam battlefield it was the mount of
Antietam battlefield it was the mount of a Confederate officer who was killed his
a Confederate officer who was killed his
a Confederate officer who was killed his body was dragged off the equipment was
body was dragged off the equipment was
body was dragged off the equipment was taken away from the horse the horse is
taken away from the horse the horse is
taken away from the horse the horse is dying and he’s lying though looking at
dying and he’s lying though looking at
dying and he’s lying though looking at the camera reading his laughs they were
the camera reading his laughs they were
the camera reading his laughs they were faithful servants to the end they gave
faithful servants to the end they gave
faithful servants to the end they gave no interviews they left no men was they
no interviews they left no men was they
no interviews they left no men was they filed for no pensions they simply obeyed
filed for no pensions they simply obeyed
filed for no pensions they simply obeyed all the way to death some one and a half
all the way to death some one and a half
all the way to death some one and a half million horses died in the Civil War not
million horses died in the Civil War not
million horses died in the Civil War not one of them was ever given a decent
one of them was ever given a decent
one of them was ever given a decent burial now the civil war did not end
burial now the civil war did not end
burial now the civil war did not end with the ceasefire at Appomattox over
with the ceasefire at Appomattox over
with the ceasefire at Appomattox over 700,000 vacant shafts stood around
700,000 vacant shafts stood around
700,000 vacant shafts stood around American dining rooms the first
American dining rooms the first
American dining rooms the first assassination of a president dampened
assassination of a president dampened
assassination of a president dampened victory spirits executing four of the
victory spirits executing four of the
victory spirits executing four of the conspirators seemed to be empty
conspirators seemed to be empty
conspirators seemed to be empty retribution the hanging four months
retribution the hanging four months
retribution the hanging four months later of a Confederate prison commandant
later of a Confederate prison commandant
later of a Confederate prison commandant was a little more than vengeance with
was a little more than vengeance with
was a little more than vengeance with Lincoln’s hand no longer at the helm a
Lincoln’s hand no longer at the helm a
Lincoln’s hand no longer at the helm a vindictive Congress moved to make the
vindictive Congress moved to make the
vindictive Congress moved to make the South pay even more for its sins of
South pay even more for its sins of
South pay even more for its sins of secession to make the nation one in
secession to make the nation one in
secession to make the nation one in whole northern and southern soldiers
whole northern and southern soldiers
whole northern and southern soldiers fault one of the most destructive wars
fault one of the most destructive wars
fault one of the most destructive wars in history indeed if this war broke out
in history indeed if this war broke out
in history indeed if this war broke out today in four years from now the losses
today in four years from now the losses
today in four years from now the losses in the silver were in the same
in the silver were in the same
in the silver were in the same proportion to population now as they
proportion to population now as they
proportion to population now as they were then this nation would lose six
were then this nation would lose six
were then this nation would lose six million men then we’ll begin to give you
million men then we’ll begin to give you
million men then we’ll begin to give you an idea of the devastation in human form
an idea of the devastation in human form
an idea of the devastation in human form the war took these men fought that war
the war took these men fought that war
the war took these men fought that war with a fierce passion there were wounds
with a fierce passion there were wounds
with a fierce passion there were wounds that would take a long time to heal and
that would take a long time to heal and
that would take a long time to heal and that was cause no amount of time would
that was cause no amount of time would
that was cause no amount of time would remove however as the post war years
remove however as the post war years
remove however as the post war years passed a strange wonderful thing
passed a strange wonderful thing
passed a strange wonderful thing happened union and confederate veterans
happened union and confederate veterans
happened union and confederate veterans alike realized that not only had they
alike realized that not only had they
alike realized that not only had they survived the most horrible war of the
survived the most horrible war of the
survived the most horrible war of the 19th century they came also to
19th century they came also to
19th century they came also to understand and to appreciate what the
understand and to appreciate what the
understand and to appreciate what the other side had endured Johnny Reb’s
other side had endured Johnny Reb’s
other side had endured Johnny Reb’s never apologized for what they had done
never apologized for what they had done
never apologized for what they had done and Billy Yanks never asked them to do
and Billy Yanks never asked them to do
and Billy Yanks never asked them to do so and soon a Slains comradeship drew
so and soon a Slains comradeship drew
so and soon a Slains comradeship drew them to Battlefield reunions and now
them to Battlefield reunions and now
them to Battlefield reunions and now they came to stand and remember well
they came to stand and remember well
they came to stand and remember well once they had stood and fought they came
once they had stood and fought they came
once they had stood and fought they came together to be together and in 1913 on
together to be together and in 1913 on
together to be together and in 1913 on the 50th anniversary of the Battle of
the 50th anniversary of the Battle of
the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg
Gettysburg some 50,000 Civil War veterans attended
some 50,000 Civil War veterans attended
some 50,000 Civil War veterans attended a 10-day reunion and when it was time to
a 10-day reunion and when it was time to
a 10-day reunion and when it was time to go the old soldiers shook hands and made
go the old soldiers shook hands and made
go the old soldiers shook hands and made that way collectively toward the same
that way collectively toward the same
that way collectively toward the same sunset the Civil War was many things
sunset the Civil War was many things
sunset the Civil War was many things fundamentally was a very human extremely
fundamentally was a very human extremely
fundamentally was a very human extremely emotional truly unforgettable chapter in
emotional truly unforgettable chapter in
emotional truly unforgettable chapter in the evolution of an
the evolution of an
the evolution of an Asian the war contains sadness humor
Asian the war contains sadness humor
Asian the war contains sadness humor revulsion inspiration the many aspects
revulsion inspiration the many aspects
revulsion inspiration the many aspects of the struggle of what I have sought
of the struggle of what I have sought
of the struggle of what I have sought hard to convey in the human civil war on
hard to convey in the human civil war on
hard to convey in the human civil war on total civil one and I genuinely hope
total civil one and I genuinely hope
total civil one and I genuinely hope that you will like it thank you very
that you will like it thank you very
that you will like it thank you very much
”
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