it is the largest volcano on earth and appears relatively quiet today however
appears relatively quiet today however
appears relatively quiet today however looks can be deceiving it is actually
looks can be deceiving it is actually
looks can be deceiving it is actually one of Earth’s most active volcanoes and
one of Earth’s most active volcanoes and
one of Earth’s most active volcanoes and scientists now feel that the sleeping
scientists now feel that the sleeping
scientists now feel that the sleeping giant is on its way to reawakening in
giant is on its way to reawakening in
giant is on its way to reawakening in spring of 2002 the volcano began to
spring of 2002 the volcano began to
spring of 2002 the volcano began to inflate began very slightly in 2004 we
inflate began very slightly in 2004 we
inflate began very slightly in 2004 we began seeing deep earthquakes about 40
began seeing deep earthquakes about 40
began seeing deep earthquakes about 40 kilometers deep so these two signals
kilometers deep so these two signals
kilometers deep so these two signals very subtle we think may be the
very subtle we think may be the
very subtle we think may be the beginning of magma moving into the very
beginning of magma moving into the very
beginning of magma moving into the very deep part of the volcano we’re not
deep part of the volcano we’re not
deep part of the volcano we’re not certain and so we have to wait for
certain and so we have to wait for
certain and so we have to wait for additional science to develop scientists
additional science to develop scientists
additional science to develop scientists continue to observe Mon Aloha
continue to observe Mon Aloha
continue to observe Mon Aloha closely and since its last eruption in
closely and since its last eruption in
closely and since its last eruption in 1984 that work has gotten easier we have
1984 that work has gotten easier we have
1984 that work has gotten easier we have very new tools for measuring deformation
very new tools for measuring deformation
very new tools for measuring deformation especially we used to use surveying
especially we used to use surveying
especially we used to use surveying techniques about getting people out on
techniques about getting people out on
techniques about getting people out on the ground shooting distances but with
the ground shooting distances but with
the ground shooting distances but with lasers or using leveling rods now we use
lasers or using leveling rods now we use
lasers or using leveling rods now we use continuous GPS sensors we’re using
continuous GPS sensors we’re using
continuous GPS sensors we’re using satellite signals beam down to a sensor
satellite signals beam down to a sensor
satellite signals beam down to a sensor you can very precisely measure the
you can very precisely measure the
you can very precisely measure the change in position of a particular point
change in position of a particular point
change in position of a particular point to know what the volcano is doing you
to know what the volcano is doing you
to know what the volcano is doing you have to have a network of several of
have to have a network of several of
have to have a network of several of them there are 50 GPS stations on Mauna
them there are 50 GPS stations on Mauna
them there are 50 GPS stations on Mauna Loa and Kilauea Kilauea is the more
Loa and Kilauea Kilauea is the more
Loa and Kilauea Kilauea is the more active volcano
active volcano
active volcano that’s nestled up against Amon Aloha the
that’s nestled up against Amon Aloha the
that’s nestled up against Amon Aloha the movement of these instruments help
movement of these instruments help
movement of these instruments help scientists detect changes on the
scientists detect changes on the
scientists detect changes on the volcano’s surface as the magma reservoir
volcano’s surface as the magma reservoir
volcano’s surface as the magma reservoir expands the volcano is part of Hawaii
expands the volcano is part of Hawaii
expands the volcano is part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and rises to
Volcanoes National Park and rises to
Volcanoes National Park and rises to over 13 and a half thousand feet above
over 13 and a half thousand feet above
over 13 and a half thousand feet above sea level
sea level
sea level maaan Aloha which means long mountain is
maaan Aloha which means long mountain is
maaan Aloha which means long mountain is so massive that it amounts to half the
so massive that it amounts to half the
so massive that it amounts to half the Island of Hawaii it is flanked by
Island of Hawaii it is flanked by
Island of Hawaii it is flanked by Kilauea which has erupted continuously
Kilauea which has erupted continuously
Kilauea which has erupted continuously since 1983 since records began in 1843
since 1983 since records began in 1843
since 1983 since records began in 1843 maaan Aloha has erupted 33 times the
maaan Aloha has erupted 33 times the
maaan Aloha has erupted 33 times the 1984 eruption lasted three weeks it
1984 eruption lasted three weeks it
1984 eruption lasted three weeks it started with a fissure that split across
started with a fissure that split across
started with a fissure that split across Mauna LOA’s caldera
Mauna LOA’s caldera
Mauna LOA’s caldera it’s crater then streamed fountains of
it’s crater then streamed fountains of
it’s crater then streamed fountains of lava that
lava that
lava that seated 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit fissures
seated 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit fissures
seated 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit fissures broke at lower elevations and lava
broke at lower elevations and lava
broke at lower elevations and lava flowed down the slopes from these vents
flowed down the slopes from these vents
flowed down the slopes from these vents for days coming within four miles of the
for days coming within four miles of the
for days coming within four miles of the outskirts of the island’s main city Hilo
outskirts of the island’s main city Hilo
outskirts of the island’s main city Hilo Mauna LOA’s eruptions viewed 220 million
Mauna LOA’s eruptions viewed 220 million
Mauna LOA’s eruptions viewed 220 million cubic meters of lava that covered more
cubic meters of lava that covered more
cubic meters of lava that covered more than 18 square miles Mauna Loa is a
than 18 square miles Mauna Loa is a
than 18 square miles Mauna Loa is a shield volcano made up and almost
shield volcano made up and almost
shield volcano made up and almost entirely of a single lava type of basalt
entirely of a single lava type of basalt
entirely of a single lava type of basalt it erupts time after time and gradually
it erupts time after time and gradually
it erupts time after time and gradually builds up this huge shape because it’s
builds up this huge shape because it’s
builds up this huge shape because it’s an island volcano it also has these two
an island volcano it also has these two
an island volcano it also has these two rift zones that cut through the flanks
rift zones that cut through the flanks
rift zones that cut through the flanks of the volcano like tabular bodies magma
of the volcano like tabular bodies magma
of the volcano like tabular bodies magma can either come up through the summit or
can either come up through the summit or
can either come up through the summit or come out along these rifts in the 20
come out along these rifts in the 20
come out along these rifts in the 20 years since its last eruption the
years since its last eruption the
years since its last eruption the hazards have increased the usgs
hazards have increased the usgs
hazards have increased the usgs estimates that 2.3 billion dollars has
estimates that 2.3 billion dollars has
estimates that 2.3 billion dollars has been spent on new construction on Mauna
been spent on new construction on Mauna
been spent on new construction on Mauna LOA’s slopes the main hazard at Mauna
LOA’s slopes the main hazard at Mauna
LOA’s slopes the main hazard at Mauna LOA’s
LOA’s
LOA’s is lava inundation there are some
is lava inundation there are some
is lava inundation there are some communities living very close to
communities living very close to
communities living very close to potential vent areas without a lot of
potential vent areas without a lot of
potential vent areas without a lot of time to move away we’re working with the
time to move away we’re working with the
time to move away we’re working with the county and state civil defense which are
county and state civil defense which are
county and state civil defense which are the primary agencies responsible for
the primary agencies responsible for
the primary agencies responsible for preparing communities and ensuring their
preparing communities and ensuring their
preparing communities and ensuring their safety we provide some very regular
safety we provide some very regular
safety we provide some very regular updates about the status of the volcano
updates about the status of the volcano
updates about the status of the volcano and we also are working to provide them
and we also are working to provide them
and we also are working to provide them probabilistic estimates of where the law
probabilistic estimates of where the law
probabilistic estimates of where the law is going to flow once the vent area is
is going to flow once the vent area is
is going to flow once the vent area is known as for now scientists can’t be
known as for now scientists can’t be
known as for now scientists can’t be sure when the volcano will erupt mana
sure when the volcano will erupt mana
sure when the volcano will erupt mana lower averages in eruption every 4 and
lower averages in eruption every 4 and
lower averages in eruption every 4 and 1/2 years so another one would seem to
1/2 years so another one would seem to
1/2 years so another one would seem to be imminent phorid erupts we’re likely
be imminent phorid erupts we’re likely
be imminent phorid erupts we’re likely to see new signals a large earthquake in
to see new signals a large earthquake in
to see new signals a large earthquake in 1975 and 1980 for the past two eruptions
1975 and 1980 for the past two eruptions
1975 and 1980 for the past two eruptions were preceded by a magnitude 6
were preceded by a magnitude 6
were preceded by a magnitude 6 earthquake we haven’t seen that yet and
earthquake we haven’t seen that yet and
earthquake we haven’t seen that yet and also seismicity where which is now at
also seismicity where which is now at
also seismicity where which is now at depths of greater than 40 kilometers
depths of greater than 40 kilometers
depths of greater than 40 kilometers will migrate to shallower depths up
will migrate to shallower depths up
will migrate to shallower depths up higher in the edifice with in the upper
higher in the edifice with in the upper
higher in the edifice with in the upper 5 kilometers of the surface and then
5 kilometers of the surface and then
5 kilometers of the surface and then will start becoming more aware that an
will start becoming more aware that an
will start becoming more aware that an eruption may be coming
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