hello québec
I would like you all to make
points like that I see you all
put the sets and look at what
it gives it about the size
of your brain roughly so
realistic today I was talking to you about
neuroplasticity but I’m going to start
to talk about the complexity of the brain
speaking of numbers from the smallest to the
bigger 0.04 to 0.1 mm that’s the
diameter of a neuron that to
imagine that so here’s a hair or
at least a representation of a hair
and here is a neuron next to it so
really predict the difference of
diameter between a hair and a neuron
1.3 1.4 kg
it’s the weight of the brain when
to return them home to the test
maybe talk conferences
around a good bottle of wine
was taking the bottle of peaceful wine to
a bit and of course a bottle of wine
full which weighs 3.4 kg 4 to 6 minutes
that’s the number of times that
teaches to the brain began to die
after lack of oxygen so it’s not
very very long 10 to 40 watts this is the
brain capacity is power
generated by the brain at rest was
packed either to light a light bulb or
even lit a neon 20% oxygen
that’s the total capacity of the brain
oxygen used by the brain
is pretty awesome because if we
compares all body systems
human at this apartment block you go
see that the brain represent 2% of
total human body but uses 20%
of their ability to our young people there is no
no oxygen reserve at the level of
brains but there’s that 10000 that’s the
number of connections the number of
synapses for every neuron we have
in the brain if we compare the
neurons to highways or roads
for each road there would be about
1000 to 10000
who would connect on we go
see everything then how many
neurons you’ll see that this is
impressive
one hundred and sixty thousand kilometers this is the
number of kilometers of the blood network
in the brain
so the number of kilometers of
blood vessels this is there
go around the world four times
where about half a moon half the time
distance between the earth and the moon
so if you put two people
together you can join the moon
with your vascular network and there we
happens to go in the big ones in the
big chif
seventy billion seventy
billion that’s the glial cells
we have in the brain the cells
glial is the fixative neurons
that’s what brings a structure
gelatinous to the brain a bit like the
little sweets jello tale here and 85 to
100 billion neurons this is the
number of neurons we have at the
birth
so if you call back just now
size of your brain with a
complexity
a man like these 100 billion
neurons multiplied by the number of
synapses connections 1000 to 10000 that
makes a pretty big complexity
on these neurons grew up at
microscope
it’s beautiful what is the
neuroplasticity is the ability of the
brain to mobilize at this module is
to change its structure
I made an analogy so if the
neurons it’s like paths
they will make a path from a to b for
perform a function and so we will
have a transmission of energy like
here a little boy who goes the field
soccer
he’s going to make his way a day is going
have a trauma or here a stop of
building a vote allah that goes
prevent it from francs this way there the
brain will have to get them
reorganize to find another
path
so we will find our way to see each other
the way much smaller it is
less impregnated do not dull the
usual way and the strength to redo
the way the way that grows and
the old path disappears
neuroplasticity is well known
in children because during
the growth
the brain will grow and so the
neuroplasticity well known in
children so I did not talk about it
a lot today
reibel to the abstract what I took in
picture in nepal during my travels
so neuro place is in the child
is modulated by guided development
by the experiments
we see here learning to walk
for example or to touch structures
different textures and so on
in adults now in 1913
santiago damon who was a big
innovative anatomist said the neurons
are immutable
arrived at adulthood and the only
thing that can happen is that the
neurons will die we’ll see
today that it’s more really
present she is beautiful huh it’s my
wife
[Applause]
there are English researchers who have a
good idea we say we’re going to look at the
brain of taxi drivers driving
in London it’s very difficult it’s
very intense so in 1997
the researchers went to see is this
that the brains of taxi drivers
are different from mister madam
the world since they found this is
interestingly enough and have found that a
part of the brain was larger
but the gray matter and in
hippocampus
it’s associated with navigation
space and they said to themselves is what
these people there are taxi drivers
because they have more structures
developed their brain or their
structures are more developed because
that they are taxi drivers so
they did the same students are
went to see the bus drivers
so let’s go the difference between a
bus driver and a driver from
taxi is that the bus driver is going
always make the same journey or
almost so what taxi driver his
path is modulated according to the person who
will come in his taxi
they realized that indeed
in taxi drivers their
gray matter was more voluminous
and told themselves we’ll look when the
people are starting to do their
learning from their driver their
taxi license is what a
modulation is what gray matter
will change then this is indeed the case
so this is one of the first proofs
that we had at the level of
neuroplasticity had changes
Structures during learning
taxi licenses to be
taxi driver in london it’s
about two years of learning so
it’s pretty huge
others and another study that has us
showed neuroplasticity in
the adult is Swiss researchers in
2012 that we do a study with
learning a second language
so they put young adults
in apprenticeship for five months of a
language he did not know absolutely
not and they measured the different
structures at the brain level then
realized that gray matter
also was increased following
learning and moreover they have
correlated the fact that more
learning was effective or more
understanding was good following
this long learning plus the material
gray was developed in particular
level of the frontal gyrus that is at
level 2 of the language and the
understanding of languages so a
another form of neuro place and that we could
measure in our elderly at home
the elderly is what we can
have a structural change at the level
of the brain we passed previously that
with aging neurons
was going to die and he could not
really have changes
Structures in the elderly
there are German researchers have
found a pretty interesting study
what we prefer to do to
seniors to see if their
brain will improve they will have done
redo juggling three months
intensive training and measured
the brain different structures the
brain before the training before
juggling and three months later they
have to measure these structures there they
have found two things at the level of
hippocampus
we had a structural increase
in the brain at saussez
of memory this work at the level of
memory is also about navigation
space and at the nucleus accumbens
and that’s pretty interesting
the nucleus accumbens and what constitutes
the central link of the reward
is not it just so for the
Elderly juggle cellphone
it was like the reward but it’s
one of the structures that most
involved in addictions
drugs and pushed the tirades little
further we say now that we did
it’s dragging there for three months
we will stop them completely
do the training
stop making money from them
reer or a month later they handed
jurors brain structures and
are realized that the structures
had regressed so in europe the
quoted yes it’s interesting but it
works in both directions what we
will influence the structure of the
brain but what we do not do too
sees the influenced
for my part I am very interested
to symptomatic populations
pathological
this is the picture of jodi little girl
who had a rasmussen syndrome
jean of epilepsy and on this syndrome did
does that when we walk or just
close to anyone can have
crises that made that little girl
lost consciousness
fall on the side so very
hard to work what the
surgeons did they removed the
half of the brain you have the picture
here what is black is liquid the
remains brains so this little
girl there works with a half
brain when she woke up from the
surgery she was paralyzed from a
side of the opposite side to which the
mysteries had been removed but that
took ten days before the little
girl get back to walking and even to
run of the day an incredible placed
brain occurred
and if you will see the little girl
today who is 12 years old you would not do
not even the difference
to know that she only has 1 2 me
for my part I work more with
mild traumatic brain injury
I work with concussions
brain you have an image here
of brain imaging that I have
collaborated with the University of Toronto
we do not see very well on image but he
are men who are activated when we
will do double task I work
a lot in double task is so we
has developed an approach for
promote neuroplasticity with
different factors including using
the dual task here we have a video of
laboratory you will see sometimes we
think it’s a complicated brain
we use the means of the edge and we have
to do experiments here the
video will go very fast so I want
just you bring your attention to you
see the girl on the carpet in
top of the treadmill there is a screen a
screen that projects words in color
the person focuses the mauves k10 of the
colors and of course the emotion in
a different color
she walks on the treadmill and in
the same time she walks and she
said the words one moment without one
know when the yellow bar that is at
board is an obstacle that will
move and the person needs them
go over
also my master’s student and
except and goes out with people who have
concussions
for two reasons to test their
functional alteration to see
to what level they are going to have
difficulty doing the task well
sure they may favor the
balance at the expense of answers
there are some who will favor the
answers and are going to have hair and
we transfer her from the laboratory to
clinical
so in clinic we will work with
patients who have concussions
cerebral we will be reduced the
dual task concept have received
promote plasticity with three
principles i’m going to talk to you that
you will be able to take home
promote your own placed in
a few minutes and we will work
also balanced exercises like
here on this dead end in very very
very docile it’s my son is so we
do exercises like this by doing
mathematical calculations or
times we will make projections on
walls with words of different color
so you who are if you are
probably all sane and
center matisse hope what is
you predict as a principle for
promote good neuroplasticity there
are several factors focused genius
three that are easy to use that
you can take from everything from
following and implement the
first concept is to be active
physically be active also cognitive
mentally never stopped learning
new things
that’s the basis being active we’re going
promote vascularization of the brain
we will promote a good new dishes
cited to promote the
neuroplasticity needs that patients
be engaged guards the patients
who come to see us that they want
to do a treatment five are
committed it will not work that must
the patient agrees to make
drill
even if sometimes some exercises
can bring second symptoms
principle
it is the sleep must have a good
sleep hygiene lock and sleep
repairer who will help a lot the
neuroplasticity then sometimes we go
even worked at the micro level
break in the day to promote
rest and promote neuroplasticity
and the third aspect that I have
chose him that’s really part of
neuropathy that’s who can you
look maybe a little bit more
special is to participate in
social activities as you are in
doing today when you
go to the cocktail party
the hour so these three aspects when we
allow you to foster a good
crawls the city I think there is no
of trauma whether it’s a
physical trauma that is going to have some
alterations in the brain or
psychic trauma that can not
to be helped with principles of
neuroplasticity so what I you
ask to make everyone
stand up
that’s the only way I can
to have a standing ovation
and do I want to be squeezed
your neighbor’s hand is doing that
this is the first step of the
neuroplasticity second stage
second step at the cocktail we speak on
walk back to the wood house or
less or at least up to your car
and tonight have a good rest thank you
[Applause]
”
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