o callaghan there are two o’callaghan’s in this class and you are by far the
in this class and you are by far the
in this class and you are by far the worst of them those were still ringing
worst of them those were still ringing
worst of them those were still ringing in my ears although they were first
in my ears although they were first
in my ears although they were first spoken a long long time ago 1979 by my
spoken a long long time ago 1979 by my
spoken a long long time ago 1979 by my Latin teacher who had finally lost
Latin teacher who had finally lost
Latin teacher who had finally lost patience with me I think maybe I was the
patience with me I think maybe I was the
patience with me I think maybe I was the only vandervoort of Ireland at the time
only vandervoort of Ireland at the time
only vandervoort of Ireland at the time or perhaps oldest teacher had moved to
or perhaps oldest teacher had moved to
or perhaps oldest teacher had moved to Ireland who knows but i think i bet him
Ireland who knows but i think i bet him
Ireland who knows but i think i bet him or his he’s a brother or some member of
or his he’s a brother or some member of
or his he’s a brother or some member of his family it in a cork ireland 1979 and
his family it in a cork ireland 1979 and
his family it in a cork ireland 1979 and when I looked at my rival the other
when I looked at my rival the other
when I looked at my rival the other ocala had imagined I was the worst of
ocala had imagined I was the worst of
ocala had imagined I was the worst of the O’Callaghan’s luckily there were
the O’Callaghan’s luckily there were
the O’Callaghan’s luckily there were only two of us in the class it could
only two of us in the class it could
only two of us in the class it could have been a lot worse but when I looked
have been a lot worse but when I looked
have been a lot worse but when I looked at him I knew I couldn’t beat him up to
at him I knew I couldn’t beat him up to
at him I knew I couldn’t beat him up to sort of settle the score so I had to in
sort of settle the score so I had to in
sort of settle the score so I had to in some way settle the score in the field
some way settle the score in the field
some way settle the score in the field of academia and I knew I could close the
of academia and I knew I could close the
of academia and I knew I could close the gap I knew that I could do that I knew
gap I knew that I could do that I knew
gap I knew that I could do that I knew it was humanly possible for me to close
it was humanly possible for me to close
it was humanly possible for me to close the gap between myself or the other
the gap between myself or the other
the gap between myself or the other o’callaghan and get back for family
o’callaghan and get back for family
o’callaghan and get back for family honor because it’s it’s a kind of
honor because it’s it’s a kind of
honor because it’s it’s a kind of ashamed to the class so I worked really
ashamed to the class so I worked really
ashamed to the class so I worked really hard he was far more motivated than I
hard he was far more motivated than I
hard he was far more motivated than I was he was harder walking that I was but
was he was harder walking that I was but
was he was harder walking that I was but I worked really really hard and
I worked really really hard and
I worked really really hard and eventually I did close the gap and the
eventually I did close the gap and the
eventually I did close the gap and the thing is it was humanly possible to do
thing is it was humanly possible to do
thing is it was humanly possible to do that it was personally possible but it
that it was personally possible but it
that it was personally possible but it was also humanly possible I’ve been
was also humanly possible I’ve been
was also humanly possible I’ve been teaching for a long time I think about
teaching for a long time I think about
teaching for a long time I think about maybe 27 years or thereabouts– and in
maybe 27 years or thereabouts– and in
maybe 27 years or thereabouts– and in the time I’ve been teaching I’ve met
the time I’ve been teaching I’ve met
the time I’ve been teaching I’ve met students from every kind of ability
students from every kind of ability
students from every kind of ability range and I’ve taught students from the
range and I’ve taught students from the
range and I’ve taught students from the age of six up to the age of 16 and I
age of six up to the age of 16 and I
age of six up to the age of 16 and I have never yet come across the student
have never yet come across the student
have never yet come across the student who could not enhance their learning
who could not enhance their learning
who could not enhance their learning ability through excellent teaching to
ability through excellent teaching to
ability through excellent teaching to hard work through increased motivation
hard work through increased motivation
hard work through increased motivation or some kind of targeted program which
or some kind of targeted program which
or some kind of targeted program which would help them cognitive enhancement
would help them cognitive enhancement
would help them cognitive enhancement has always been a feature of education
has always been a feature of education
has always been a feature of education we have always found ways to accelerate
we have always found ways to accelerate
we have always found ways to accelerate learning and to help students and we all
learning and to help students and we all
learning and to help students and we all love the stories don’t be of the
love the stories don’t be of the
love the stories don’t be of the underdog of the student who really
underdog of the student who really
underdog of the student who really struggled at school but who later on
struggled at school but who later on
struggled at school but who later on went on to MIT or Harvard or the top law
went on to MIT or Harvard or the top law
went on to MIT or Harvard or the top law school in the country we love the story
school in the country we love the story
school in the country we love the story of the worker in the company maybe the
of the worker in the company maybe the
of the worker in the company maybe the workers at the bottom of the heap and he
workers at the bottom of the heap and he
workers at the bottom of the heap and he and she they they are they crawl the way
and she they they are they crawl the way
and she they they are they crawl the way up the corporate ladder to eventually
up the corporate ladder to eventually
up the corporate ladder to eventually get to the board and we love those
get to the board and we love those
get to the board and we love those stories we love the stories of the way
stories we love the stories of the way
stories we love the stories of the way people dig down really deep into the
people dig down really deep into the
people dig down really deep into the human spirit and they find something in
human spirit and they find something in
human spirit and they find something in there which causes them to succeed
there which causes them to succeed
there which causes them to succeed however what happens when being human is
however what happens when being human is
however what happens when being human is simply not good enough what happens when
simply not good enough what happens when
simply not good enough what happens when actually being merely human is a
actually being merely human is a
actually being merely human is a disadvantage and I want to talk today
disadvantage and I want to talk today
disadvantage and I want to talk today about methods of enhancing the human
about methods of enhancing the human
about methods of enhancing the human being because we live in a world in
being because we live in a world in
being because we live in a world in which a particular philosophy is is
which a particular philosophy is is
which a particular philosophy is is gaining root gaining ground it’s a very
gaining root gaining ground it’s a very
gaining root gaining ground it’s a very interesting philosophy it’s called
interesting philosophy it’s called
interesting philosophy it’s called transhumanism and it’s all about
transhumanism and it’s all about
transhumanism and it’s all about transcending our humanity finding ways
transcending our humanity finding ways
transcending our humanity finding ways to make ourselves better stronger faster
to make ourselves better stronger faster
to make ourselves better stronger faster more clever and we live in an age where
more clever and we live in an age where
more clever and we live in an age where it is possible to redesign ourselves we
it is possible to redesign ourselves we
it is possible to redesign ourselves we can actually design and redesign
can actually design and redesign
can actually design and redesign ourselves and this is not science
ourselves and this is not science
ourselves and this is not science fiction it sounds a little bit like
fiction it sounds a little bit like
fiction it sounds a little bit like science fiction but in fact it’s a
science fiction but in fact it’s a
science fiction but in fact it’s a science fact and
we can use genetics to design or
we can use genetics to design or redesign ourselves at the most basic
redesign ourselves at the most basic
redesign ourselves at the most basic level we can use pharmaceuticals to
level we can use pharmaceuticals to
level we can use pharmaceuticals to alter the chemistry of our brains we can
alter the chemistry of our brains we can
alter the chemistry of our brains we can use pharmaceuticals to make our bodies
use pharmaceuticals to make our bodies
use pharmaceuticals to make our bodies go faster to make them stronger we can
go faster to make them stronger we can
go faster to make them stronger we can use cybernetics for example if I have
use cybernetics for example if I have
use cybernetics for example if I have some kind of limb trauma I can replace
some kind of limb trauma I can replace
some kind of limb trauma I can replace my limbs to cybernetics we can even use
my limbs to cybernetics we can even use
my limbs to cybernetics we can even use robotics to help our physical selves an
robotics to help our physical selves an
robotics to help our physical selves an exoskeleton has been designed which fits
exoskeleton has been designed which fits
exoskeleton has been designed which fits over the human body and it increases
over the human body and it increases
over the human body and it increases human strength to you can lift ways you
human strength to you can lift ways you
human strength to you can lift ways you could never live before you can climb
could never live before you can climb
could never live before you can climb faster walk faster so we have the
faster walk faster so we have the
faster walk faster so we have the ability to enhance ourselves and to
ability to enhance ourselves and to
ability to enhance ourselves and to expand ourselves and this is fantastic i
expand ourselves and this is fantastic i
expand ourselves and this is fantastic i love all of these things i love all of
love all of these things i love all of
love all of these things i love all of these advances i love the thought of
these advances i love the thought of
these advances i love the thought of expanding our horizons however at the
expanding our horizons however at the
expanding our horizons however at the same time we really have to think about
same time we really have to think about
same time we really have to think about this whole issue of human enhancement
this whole issue of human enhancement
this whole issue of human enhancement because unless access to enhancement is
because unless access to enhancement is
because unless access to enhancement is universalized unless everybody has
universalized unless everybody has
universalized unless everybody has access to it then we’re going to end up
access to it then we’re going to end up
access to it then we’re going to end up with massive in equality in society and
with massive in equality in society and
with massive in equality in society and inequalities like we have never seen
inequalities like we have never seen
inequalities like we have never seen before because it’s going to be
before because it’s going to be
before because it’s going to be impossible for ordinary people to close
impossible for ordinary people to close
impossible for ordinary people to close the gap so I could close the gap with
the gap so I could close the gap with
the gap so I could close the gap with the other Oh color and it was humanly
the other Oh color and it was humanly
the other Oh color and it was humanly possible to do it however what about a
possible to do it however what about a
possible to do it however what about a situation where the competitor the rival
situation where the competitor the rival
situation where the competitor the rival is the computer-assisted for example how
is the computer-assisted for example how
is the computer-assisted for example how could someone like Garry Kasparov the
could someone like Garry Kasparov the
could someone like Garry Kasparov the chess grandmaster how could he win
chess grandmaster how could he win
chess grandmaster how could he win against the supercomputer would beat him
against the supercomputer would beat him
against the supercomputer would beat him [Music]
[Music]
[Music] how can we fight against all odds and
how can we fight against all odds and
how can we fight against all odds and the age of merging together humans and
the age of merging together humans and
the age of merging together humans and computers is actually here again it
computers is actually here again it
computers is actually here again it sounds like science fiction but it’s not
sounds like science fiction but it’s not
sounds like science fiction but it’s not it’s actual
it’s actual
it’s actual real and I just want to talk a little
real and I just want to talk a little
real and I just want to talk a little bit to you about these interfaces which
bit to you about these interfaces which
bit to you about these interfaces which connect the are our minds together with
connect the are our minds together with
connect the are our minds together with computers and what the interfaces do
computers and what the interfaces do
computers and what the interfaces do this is one example of an interface is a
this is one example of an interface is a
this is one example of an interface is a fairly simple and sleek looking one they
fairly simple and sleek looking one they
fairly simple and sleek looking one they can look something like this okay and
can look something like this okay and
can look something like this okay and these mediates signals from the mind to
these mediates signals from the mind to
these mediates signals from the mind to a computer so they turn our thoughts
a computer so they turn our thoughts
a computer so they turn our thoughts into signals and then those signals can
into signals and then those signals can
into signals and then those signals can control external devices and these is it
control external devices and these is it
control external devices and these is it these are perfectly possible they’re
these are perfectly possible they’re
these are perfectly possible they’re being used extensively and I just want
being used extensively and I just want
being used extensively and I just want to give you some examples of how they
to give you some examples of how they
to give you some examples of how they are being used at the moment and just to
are being used at the moment and just to
are being used at the moment and just to give you an idea of the way in which
give you an idea of the way in which
give you an idea of the way in which they enhance the ability of those who
they enhance the ability of those who
they enhance the ability of those who can use them so for example imagine you
can use them so for example imagine you
can use them so for example imagine you as someone who has a job where you have
as someone who has a job where you have
as someone who has a job where you have to search through large amount of images
to search through large amount of images
to search through large amount of images or text and you go into your office one
or text and you go into your office one
or text and you go into your office one morning and you’re searching to the
morning and you’re searching to the
morning and you’re searching to the images you’re searching through the text
images you’re searching through the text
images you’re searching through the text you’ve been given the task of finding
you’ve been given the task of finding
you’ve been given the task of finding certain objects or certain words or
certain objects or certain words or
certain objects or certain words or phrases who knows but you’re searching
phrases who knows but you’re searching
phrases who knows but you’re searching through them and suddenly the worker
through them and suddenly the worker
through them and suddenly the worker next to you the person next to you is
next to you the person next to you is
next to you the person next to you is racing through the same kinds of images
racing through the same kinds of images
racing through the same kinds of images the same kinds of tech text 300 to 600
the same kinds of tech text 300 to 600
the same kinds of tech text 300 to 600 times faster than you ok it sounds again
times faster than you ok it sounds again
times faster than you ok it sounds again it sounds impossible it sounds fantastic
it sounds impossible it sounds fantastic
it sounds impossible it sounds fantastic but using an interface is perfectly
but using an interface is perfectly
but using an interface is perfectly achievable there is a program neuro
achievable there is a program neuro
achievable there is a program neuro technology for intelligence analyst
technology for intelligence analyst
technology for intelligence analyst which enables the person who wears the
which enables the person who wears the
which enables the person who wears the interface it enables them to speed up
interface it enables them to speed up
interface it enables them to speed up their thinking on they’re searching
their thinking on they’re searching
their thinking on they’re searching abilities so that they really can work
abilities so that they really can work
abilities so that they really can work it is almost superhuman speed another
it is almost superhuman speed another
it is almost superhuman speed another interesting program is adaptive peak
interesting program is adaptive peak
interesting program is adaptive peak performance and adaptive peak
performance and adaptive peak
performance and adaptive peak performance of appt what this does is it
performance of appt what this does is it
performance of appt what this does is it mediates signals from the brain is read
mediates signals from the brain is read
mediates signals from the brain is read what’s going on in your head and when
what’s going on in your head and when
what’s going on in your head and when you’re training for something so for
you’re training for something so for
you’re training for something so for instance marksmanship they’ve used it in
instance marksmanship they’ve used it in
instance marksmanship they’ve used it in the army to train people to shoot it
the army to train people to shoot it
the army to train people to shoot it sees exactly what’s going on it when you
sees exactly what’s going on it when you
sees exactly what’s going on it when you miss a shot it sees what’s going on in
miss a shot it sees what’s going on in
miss a shot it sees what’s going on in your head when that happened and they
your head when that happened and they
your head when that happened and they can feed information back to you so it
can feed information back to you so it
can feed information back to you so it feeds information about what’s going on
feeds information about what’s going on
feeds information about what’s going on in your head what’s going on
in your head what’s going on
in your head what’s going on physiologically and those who have used
physiologically and those who have used
physiologically and those who have used it have increased their accuracy by two
it have increased their accuracy by two
it have increased their accuracy by two hundred and thirty percent that’s
hundred and thirty percent that’s
hundred and thirty percent that’s massive two hundred and thirty percent
massive two hundred and thirty percent
massive two hundred and thirty percent so it novice marksmen against a novice
so it novice marksmen against a novice
so it novice marksmen against a novice marksman who’s using this program is
marksman who’s using this program is
marksman who’s using this program is always going to lag behind another very
always going to lag behind another very
always going to lag behind another very fascinating program is this a targeted
fascinating program is this a targeted
fascinating program is this a targeted neural plasticity us tissy t training
neural plasticity us tissy t training
neural plasticity us tissy t training and what this does is again it uses an
and what this does is again it uses an
and what this does is again it uses an interface to stimulate the peripheral
interface to stimulate the peripheral
interface to stimulate the peripheral nervous system and by doing this it
nervous system and by doing this it
nervous system and by doing this it releases neurochemical into the brain
releases neurochemical into the brain
releases neurochemical into the brain these neural chemicals then massively
these neural chemicals then massively
these neural chemicals then massively increase learning ability so for example
increase learning ability so for example
increase learning ability so for example if you’re trying to acquire a language
if you’re trying to acquire a language
if you’re trying to acquire a language this will help you to do with much
this will help you to do with much
this will help you to do with much faster than anybody else if you’re
faster than anybody else if you’re
faster than anybody else if you’re trying to learn a new skill of any kind
trying to learn a new skill of any kind
trying to learn a new skill of any kind this kind of interface will really help
this kind of interface will really help
this kind of interface will really help you so these make a very big difference
you so these make a very big difference
you so these make a very big difference and it’s very difficult to close the gap
and it’s very difficult to close the gap
and it’s very difficult to close the gap and we really
and we really
and we really have to think about this these advances
have to think about this these advances
have to think about this these advances coming onto the commercial market
coming onto the commercial market
coming onto the commercial market because the that is actually happening
because the that is actually happening
because the that is actually happening you can buy a device it costs less than
you can buy a device it costs less than
you can buy a device it costs less than a hundred up a hundred and fifty dollars
a hundred up a hundred and fifty dollars
a hundred up a hundred and fifty dollars and it can actually read your thoughts
and it can actually read your thoughts
and it can actually read your thoughts and they can allow you to move avatars
and they can allow you to move avatars
and they can allow you to move avatars on a gate on the screen game on the
on a gate on the screen game on the
on a gate on the screen game on the screen using the power of thought alone
screen using the power of thought alone
screen using the power of thought alone and I just want to show you a picture
and I just want to show you a picture
and I just want to show you a picture here these are competitors in something
here these are competitors in something
here these are competitors in something called the side bathroom the side
called the side bathroom the side
called the side bathroom the side bathroom was held in Zurich in 2016 just
bathroom was held in Zurich in 2016 just
bathroom was held in Zurich in 2016 just a few weeks ago and these competitors
a few weeks ago and these competitors
a few weeks ago and these competitors are all competing in a race their
are all competing in a race their
are all competing in a race their Paralympic Paralympians and they have to
Paralympic Paralympians and they have to
Paralympic Paralympians and they have to use their thoughts to control avatars on
use their thoughts to control avatars on
use their thoughts to control avatars on the screen so it’s a race going on on
the screen so it’s a race going on on
the screen so it’s a race going on on the screen between their avatars and
the screen between their avatars and
the screen between their avatars and here you can see the game itself in play
here you can see the game itself in play
here you can see the game itself in play and if you think about it as this kind
and if you think about it as this kind
and if you think about it as this kind of technology is becoming more and more
of technology is becoming more and more
of technology is becoming more and more sophisticated we are going to be able to
sophisticated we are going to be able to
sophisticated we are going to be able to except to control mode external devices
except to control mode external devices
except to control mode external devices with our mind this this program the
with our mind this this program the
with our mind this this program the brain gate program which is being run
brain gate program which is being run
brain gate program which is being run out of Providence VA hospital and
out of Providence VA hospital and
out of Providence VA hospital and Massachusetts General allowed this lady
Massachusetts General allowed this lady
Massachusetts General allowed this lady who had been paralyzed for 15 years
who had been paralyzed for 15 years
who had been paralyzed for 15 years through an implant that this is an
through an implant that this is an
through an implant that this is an external device okay the devices I
external device okay the devices I
external device okay the devices I talked about so far all kind of caps
talked about so far all kind of caps
talked about so far all kind of caps that can be put onto the head or
that can be put onto the head or
that can be put onto the head or external this lady has had implants put
external this lady has had implants put
external this lady has had implants put in to her into her head and those
in to her into her head and those
in to her into her head and those implants allow her to think certain
implants allow her to think certain
implants allow her to think certain thoughts and send signals to a row
thoughts and send signals to a row
thoughts and send signals to a row and she is has been able to send signals
and she is has been able to send signals
and she is has been able to send signals from her mind to a robotic arm to feed
from her mind to a robotic arm to feed
from her mind to a robotic arm to feed her a cup of coffee and this is the
her a cup of coffee and this is the
her a cup of coffee and this is the first occasion which she’s been able to
first occasion which she’s been able to
first occasion which she’s been able to feed herself in 15 years so we’re
feed herself in 15 years so we’re
feed herself in 15 years so we’re entering into an era where implanted
entering into an era where implanted
entering into an era where implanted devices in our heads can allow us using
devices in our heads can allow us using
devices in our heads can allow us using our thoughts to make things happen and
our thoughts to make things happen and
our thoughts to make things happen and this is going to revolutionize learning
this is going to revolutionize learning
this is going to revolutionize learning but it’s also going to possibly create
but it’s also going to possibly create
but it’s also going to possibly create unless we really really think it through
unless we really really think it through
unless we really really think it through is going to possibly create a world in
is going to possibly create a world in
is going to possibly create a world in which we have the house and the
which we have the house and the
which we have the house and the have-nots to a degree where it’s really
have-nots to a degree where it’s really
have-nots to a degree where it’s really really difficult to bridge the gap and
really difficult to bridge the gap and
really difficult to bridge the gap and what tends to happen with these kind of
what tends to happen with these kind of
what tends to happen with these kind of advances is that discussion about the
advances is that discussion about the
advances is that discussion about the ethics of them goes on in the labs ok so
ethics of them goes on in the labs ok so
ethics of them goes on in the labs ok so when they’re being developed a lot of
when they’re being developed a lot of
when they’re being developed a lot of discussion goes on about the ethics but
discussion goes on about the ethics but
discussion goes on about the ethics but often that discussion who doesn’t really
often that discussion who doesn’t really
often that discussion who doesn’t really trickle down into the street it doesn’t
trickle down into the street it doesn’t
trickle down into the street it doesn’t trickle down to you to me and quite
trickle down to you to me and quite
trickle down to you to me and quite often when these products then come on
often when these products then come on
often when these products then come on the market we certainly find ourselves
the market we certainly find ourselves
the market we certainly find ourselves dealing with the social implications so
dealing with the social implications so
dealing with the social implications so we need over the over the next short few
we need over the over the next short few
we need over the over the next short few years when these advances are being
years when these advances are being
years when these advances are being developed further when they be made far
developed further when they be made far
developed further when they be made far more sophisticated we need to take the
more sophisticated we need to take the
more sophisticated we need to take the time to think we need to take the time
time to think we need to take the time
time to think we need to take the time to examine what’s going to happen next
to examine what’s going to happen next
to examine what’s going to happen next what kind of world are we moving into
what kind of world are we moving into
what kind of world are we moving into the human enhancement world really
the human enhancement world really
the human enhancement world really hyping presents us with challenges which
hyping presents us with challenges which
hyping presents us with challenges which we have never had before because they
we have never had before because they
we have never had before because they could very very easily split partition
could very very easily split partition
could very very easily split partition our societies in a way in which we just
our societies in a way in which we just
our societies in a way in which we just cannot solve thank you very much
cannot solve thank you very much
cannot solve thank you very much you
you
you [Applause]
”
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